Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Radiological Impact in Forest Ecosystems -- Abstract -- Introduction -- General Concepts about Ionizing Radiations -- Sources of Radionuclides in the Environment -- Radiological Protection of Human in Forest Ecosystems -- Radiological Protection of the Environment -- Dose Rates to Organism -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Litter Chemistry, Decomposition and Its Effects on Soil Biogeochemistry of Forest Ecosystems -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Litter Decomposition and Soil Organisms -- 3. Chemical Changes during Litter Decomposition -- 4. Litter Chemistry -- 4.1. Chemistry of Lignin -- 4.1.1. Lignin Effects on Soil Biogeochemistry of Forest Ecosystems -- 4.2. Chemistry of Phenolics -- 4.2.1. The Effects of Phenols on Soil Biogeochemistry of Forest Ecosystems -- 4.3. Chemistry of Tannins -- 4.3.1. Effects of Tannin on Soil Biogeochemistry of Forest Ecosystems -- 4.4. Chemistry of Carbohydrates (Cellulose and Hemicelluloses) -- 4.4.1. Effects of Cellulose and Hemicelluloses on Soil Biogeochemistry of Forest Ecosystems -- 4.5. The Chemistry of Nitrogen -- 4.5.1. Effects of Nitrogen on Soil Biogeochemistry of Forest Ecosystems -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Impact of Forest Management Practices After Windstorm and Wildfire in Spruce Forest on Soil Nematode Communities -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Soil Nematodes as Bioindicators of Soil Conditions -- 2. About Our Research -- 2.1. Windstorm and Wildfire in Spruce Forest Tatra National Park Slovakia -- 2.2. Effect of Windstorm and Wildfire in Spruce Forest on Soil Nematode Communities in Different Forest Management Practices -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Biographical Sketch -- Organization of Boreal Forests in Insular Volcanic Landscapes of North-West Pacific -- Abstract

Abstract Select research areas affecting individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are understudied, resulting in their often being routinely excluded from drug trials and other medically based research. Many factors contributing to this exclusion have been identified, but little has been written about the effects of research ethics committees on inhibiting ID research. By exploring the role of ethics committees in research, and reviewing the ethical guidelines and other factors that direct their decisions, this article argues that committee members' attitudes toward ID often affect their response to proposals involving this group of individuals. The authors note that in many countries, research ethics guidelines provide little direction on how to weigh conflicting ethical duties toward vulnerable individuals. As a result, committee members often adopt unsystematic approaches toward ethical dilemmas, creating an environment where their attitudes can have a disproportionate effect on their decisions. The authors suggest that the attitudes of research ethics committee members toward individuals with ID must be studied in further detail if we are to understand and address the exclusion of individuals with ID from medical research.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant and negative impact on the nursing workforce. Immediate and long-term actions must be taken to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic. Understanding these effects in various contexts is essential to conduct research, implement innovative interventions, and create supportive policies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the issues in the framework of six key areas of the HealthImpact Workforce Strategy Model, including K-12 and second-degree students, pre-requisite nursing education, and pre-licensure nursing education; upskilling the existing workforce; retention and well-being; and migration of nurses. We also discuss expanding advanced practice registered nursing scope of practice; crisis standards of care; and the impact of telehealth. Exemplars highlight the issues, and document action and innovation in the domains of workforce strategy, education, research, and policy in these challenging times.

The COVID-19 pandemic placed many nurses in financial distress. Nurses House, Inc. provided nurses with financial assistance through an emergency grant supported by the American Nurses Foundation. In a three-month period between April 2020 till July 2020, Nurses House, Inc. distributed $2,734,500 to a total of 2,484 qualified grantees from across the United States. This article offers a brief review of literature to provide context about the guiding framework of the grant, Watson's Theory of Human Caring, as an essential tenet to nursing and to the mission of Nurses House, Inc, and the financial impact of the pandemic. We discuss the methods, data analysis, and results of our study that analyzed demographic information from the applications of grant recipients. Regression analysis showed that regardless of income levels, nurses experienced financial distress. The discussion considers our findings in relation to such areas as age and full-time or part-time work status of grantees; reasons to apply, such as testing positive for COVID=19 (78%), work mandated quarantine (16%) and caring for a family member (6%); and study limitations. The conclusion offers implications for practice based on our analysis, which demonstrated that financial safety nets are both essential and helpful for nurses in times of crisis.