Suchergebnisse

AIMS: To examine whether norms towards nicotine vaping product (NVP) use varied between Australia, Canada, England and the United States and by sociodemographics, smoking and NVP status. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from the 2016 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. SETTING: Four countries with distinct regulatory policies relating to the sale and advertising of NVPs: Australia (most restrictive), Canada (restrictive), England and United States (least restrictive). PARTICIPANTS: 10,900 adult (age 18+) current smokers, former smokers, or at least weekly NVP users. Respondents were from Australia (n=1,366), Canada (n=3,309), England (n=3,835) and the United States (n=2,390). MEASUREMENTS: Questions permitted the categorization of respondents as current smokers, former smokers, NVP users and sociodemographic categories (sex, age, country, ethnicity, income and education). Further questions were asked regarding the frequency of exposure to NVPs in public, whether they had a partner or close friends who vaped and whether they believed society or those considered important to them approved of NVPs. FINDINGS: Adjusting for relevant covariates, compared to Australian respondents, those in England, Canada and United States were more likely to report frequent exposure to NVPs in public (83.1%, 57.3% and 48.3% respectively, compared to 19.8% in Australia; p<0.0001), having a partner who vaped (13.8%, 7.1% and 7.7% respectively, compared to 2.1% in Australia; p<0.0001) and having close friend(s) who vaped (31.7%, 25.3%, 20.9% respectively, compared to 10.0% in Australia; p<0.0001). Compared to Australian respondents, respondents from England were more likely to report that society (27.6% , compared to 12.3% in Australia; p<0.0001) and people important to them approved of NVP use (28.9% compared to 14.3% in Australia; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that norms towards NVP use vary within distinct regulatory contexts. Country differences in norms towards NVP use may also reflect differences ...