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The Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES) has conducted the Environmental exposure related activity pattern research of Chinese population (Adults). Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Population (Adults)was compiled based on the results from this study. Highlights of the Chinese Exposure Factors Handbook is a brief introduction to the content of Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Population (Adults).In each chapter, definitions, possible influence factors, and survey methods have been introduced, followed by recommended values for urban/rural areas, different genders, age groups and regions with information of mean, median and P5, P25, P75, P95 values.With the abundant data and tables, readers are provided with an accessible and comprehensive overview of Chinese exposure factors.The first and only one covering Chinese exposure factors, which have been absent until now and are essential for the exposure and risk assessment of environmental agentsPresents several tables on ingestion rates, as well as activity biology and residential factors based on data from a national survey Provides a brief but comprehensive understanding of the environmental exposure-related factors for the Chinese population Ms. Duan got her PhD degree from University of Science and Technology of Beijing China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC) in 2005. Dr. Duan is associate professor of the Department of Environmental Pollution and Health, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP). Her research interests cover, a) improving the accuracy of exposure measurement of environmental pollutants from environmental exposure, personal exposure to biomarkers; b) Human activity patterns survey and its application in exposure assessment and environmental health risk assessment. c) Environmental health risk assessment / management based policy and decision making. Currently, she is leading the first Chinese National Environmental Exposure Related Human Activity Patterns Survey. She has pubilshed more than 70 peer-reviewed papers and 4 Chinese books

AbstractDietary exposure to heavy metals and metalloids [metal(loid)s] deserves increased attention; however, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the risks of dietary exposure from multi-type food intake and multi-metal(loid) exposure using a bioaccessibility-corrected method. Here, we determined the concentration and bioaccessibility of six toxic metal(loid)s in six major food groups in an industrial city with intensive smelting activity. By incorporating children's dietary patterns, the probability distribution of health risks from dietary metal(loid)s exposure was assessed. Marked differences were observed in the dietary exposure characteristics within metal(loid)s and major food groups. Cereal and vegetables were the major food groups local children intake. Cereals, meat, beans, and aquatic products had the highest concentrations of Cu and Cd, Pb and Cr, Ni, and As, respectively. Generally, meat, eggs, and aquatic products exhibited higher bioaccessibility than cereals, beans, and vegetables. The bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s decreased in the following order: Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > As > Cd. For non-carcinogenic risks, the average hazard index was 7.3, with 99.6% exceeding acceptable levels. Arsenic was the dominant risk element and aquatic product was the main risk source. The aggregated carcinogenic risk was 3.4 × 10–3, with Cr the major risk contributor and cereals and meat the dominant food sources. The findings demonstrated that (1) the metal(loid) dietary exposure risk of children from areas with intensive smelting activities should be taken seriously, and (2) it is necessary to identify the specific food category and metal(loid) based on a comprehensive analysis of the metal(loid) concentration and bioaccessibility, and dietary habits of the population to effectively reduce risk.