Suchergebnisse

Résumé L'Afrique du Sud a une politique de réforme foncière ambitieuse. Au lendemain de la suppression officielle de l'apartheid, le but de cette politique était de corriger les déséquilibres raciaux du régime foncier, de développer le secteur agricole et d'améliorer les conditions de vie des catégories les plus pauvres de la population. Cependant, malgré une dizaine d'années d'annonces et de mise en œuvre de la réforme foncière, celle-ci n'a fait que très peu de progrès.

In dem Beitrag eines Dossiers über Südafrika zehn Jahre nach dem Ende der Apartheid wird herausgearbeitet, dass die Frage der Landverteilung für das Land auf dem Wege der Überwindung des Erbes der Apartheid und der Bekämpfung der Armut große gesellschaftliche Bedeutung hat. Diskutiert werden unter anderem Notwendigkeit und Anforderungen einer Bodenreform. Der Beitrag wird durch eine sehr ausführliche Literaturliste abgerundet. (DÜI-Kör)

Recent research conducted in Lesotho, Kenya and South Africa has revealed that HIV/Aids will seriously impact on a range of land issues as a direct result of very high infection rates in these countries. HIV/Aids will affect different forms of land use, the functioning of land administration systems, land rights of women and orphans as well as the poor generally, and inheritance practices and norms.(...) Affected households fall below the social and economic threshold of vulnerability and 'survivability', leaving the survivors - mainly the young and elderly - with limited resources to quickly regain a sustainable livelihood. This indicates the importance of effective land administration systems and of land rights as HIV/Aids impacts on the terms and conditions on which households and individuals hold, use and transact land. This has a particular resonance for women and children's rights, which, in the context of rural power relations that are themselves coming under increasing pressure from the epidemic, are especially vulnerable to being usurped. Thus, the impact of HIV/Aids on land raises complex and sensitive issues for land policies and programmes, particularly if they are intended to underpin rural development and sustainable livelihoods. (Dev South Afr/DÜI)

This article evaluates the successes and shortcomings of the implementation of the South African land reform policy at Impendle State Land in KwaZulu-Natal. It describes how and why this land, which had been acquired by the apartheid state before 1994, was not transferred to any of the rival beneficiaries during the period 1994 to 2000. These beneficiaries included local chiefs (amakhosi) and their fellowers in neighbouring areas and former labour tenants resident on the land, all of whom either lived on, or laid claim to, one or more farms. The moral and legal claims invoked arose from different laws and policy objectives including restitution, redistribution and the protection of security of tenure. Despite the evident failings of the land reform programme at Impendle, this article argues that the ability of the Department of Land Affairs to hold the ring among contending claimants without transferring land may be counted a success in the volatile political context of the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands. (Politeia/DÜI)

IN THE MID-1990S, governments and researchers in three countries from very different parts of the world—Bangladesh, Brazil, and Mexico— began moving toward a new type of poverty alleviation program. Struggling to meet the needs of their poor populations through various poverty-reduction initiatives, they wondered whether attaching conditions to those programs would make a difference. What if in exchange for receiving a food basket or a cash voucher, program beneficiaries were asked to, for example, bring their infants to the local health clinic for growth monitoring, or enroll their older children in secondary school? Such a change could not only meet the immediate needs of citizens, but also help improve their longer- term welfare and development, all of which affect nutrition. ; PR ; IFPRI1; Transform Nutrition; compact2025; B Promoting healthy food systems; E Building Resilience; Stories of Change in Nutrition ; DGO; PHND; A4NH ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)

The seasonality of disease, ill-health and hunger were illustrated in multiple contexts in the original IDS conference on seasonality over three decades ago. The subsequent book (Chambers et al. 1981) was published in the same year as the first case of AIDS was reported. Since then, the rapidly accelerating AIDS epidemic of the 1990s and its current state of "hyperendemicity" in southern Africa have affected the levels, intensity and nature of vulnerability of households to livelihood shocks and stresses. The food price crisis of 2008 and the ongoing global financial crisis have further impacted the ability of households, communities, and national governments to achieve food security for large numbers of people in the region. Overlaying these dynamics, various manifestations of climate change are beginning to have an impact again, with evidence of interactions with other drivers of vulnerability. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP33; RENEWAL

Many countries in southern Africa are home to a large number of rural people, dependent on rain-fed agriculture, barely subsisting at poverty levels in years without shocks, and highly vulnerable to the vagaries of the weather, the economy and government policy. Within this context, characterised by a range of multiple stressors on people's livelihoods, particularly exacerbated by HIV and AIDS, families attempt to plan and act to secure their own livelihoods and the future for their children. Through a review of literature and case studies this paper argues that families are often unable to recover sufficiently from these "entwined" stressors, particularly as HIV and AIDS has undermined their resilience, with the result that they are unable to adequately secure the future of their children beyond immediate needs. Rather short-term demands around basic survival limit choices and with few material resources, inadequate external support and poor access to appropriate services, the long-term welfare of children has become a serious challenge for many families. This argument is explored by looking at issues of family food security, education options and the inheritance of property to underpin the future sustainable livelihoods of children. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP33; RENEWAL ; FCND