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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Social welfare under socialism -- 2 China -- 3 Cuba -- 4 Czechoslovakia -- 5 Hungary -- 6 North Korea -- 7 Poland -- 8 Soviet Union -- 9 Yugoslavia -- Appendices -- Index

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- PREFACE -- CONTRIBUTORS -- EGYPT -- ISRAEL -- JORDAN -- KUWAIT -- TURKEY -- SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST -- APPENDICES -- INDEX

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PREFACE -- CONTRIBUTORS -- Dedication -- SOCIAL WELFARE AND THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS -- CHINA -- HONG KONG -- INDIA -- JAPAN -- KOREA, SOUTH -- MALAYSIA -- PHILIPPINES -- SRI LANKA -- TAIWAN -- THAILAND -- APPENDIX -- INDEX

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Original Title -- Original Copyright -- Dedication -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- PREFACE -- CONTRIBUTORS -- ETHIOPIA -- GHANA -- IVORY COAST -- KENYA -- MAURITIUS -- NIGERIA -- SOUTH AFRICA -- TANZANIA -- ZAMBIA -- ZIMBABWE -- APPENDICES -- INDEX

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- PREFACE -- CONTRIBUTORS -- ARGENTINA -- BRAZIL -- CHILE -- COLOMBIA -- CUBA -- GUATEMALA -- MEXICO -- PUERTO RICO -- URUGUAY -- APPENDICES -- INDEX

1. Development projects, their impact on the environment and the role of economic analysis -- 2. The use of environmental assessment for analyzing impacts of development projects on natural resources and the environment -- 3. Economic measurement of impacts on the environment : theoretical basis and practical applications -- 4. Generally applicable techniques -- 5. Potentially applicable techniques -- 6. Additional methods of valuing environmental impacts -- 7. The limits to economic measurement of environmental impacts.

AbstractAbstractNeoliberalism is an economic, social, and political philosophy that derives, but significantly deviates, from classical liberalism. It has supreme trust in the marketplace and in the omniscience of market forces. It postulates that poverty is an objectively knowable social phenomenon. It theorizes that poverty's causal explanation is grounded in the inappropriateness of the hopes, aspirations, and goals of those living in poverty. It moralizes that the poor have a moral obligation to critically assess the consequences for themselves and others of their decisions not to work even when work is available, for which they should be held responsible. It concludes that the work‐shy poor‐bychoice — the undeserving poor — cannot be trusted not to abuse tax‐finance welfare support. The paper explicates, briefly, the philosophical underpinnings of neoliberalism as a social science paradigm, so as to facilitate, secondly, the exploration of its perspective on human nature, which informs, thirdly, its perspective on poverty. It concludes that neoliberalism is unable to speak with any certainty about the nature, causes, and consequences of poverty and its solution. The neoliberal poverty discourse is, essentially, a discourse on human nature. It asserts that the poor can choose not to be poor. This gives rise to an ideologically informed, assumption‐based approach to anti‐poverty policy.

AbstractBeing in a state of material poverty can be a persistent or an episodic experience that can be life‐threatening, life‐restricting, or life‐disempowering. When combined with being socially excluded, marginalized, or disadvantaged, it qualifies those in this dual state for membership of the underclass. They are seen, variously, as de‐motivated free‐riders, social deviants, disempowered victims, or human beings enduring the challenge of human existence in a life devoid of meaning. The contribution of existential humanism to the poverty discourse is, essentially, the proposition that everyone needs the existential freedom to search for self‐identity, thus making it possible to achieve psychological potential. From this perspective, it is incumbent upon those who design and deliver public social welfare provision to concentrate on enhancing the existential human condition of long‐term able‐bodied welfare recipients. This can be achieved by building their capacity and motivation to begin, or further, the search for their authentic selves, and by encouraging and championing those who are willing and able to take responsibility for the direction their lives are taking.