Suchergebnisse

The economic advancement of a country is measured on the basis of its industrialization. As a step towards industrialization, the Indian Government has decided to develop both small-scale and large-scale industries. A rewarding development in India has been the impressive growth of modern small-scale industries. They have made a notable contribution in realizing the principal objective of expanded employment opportunities. Job satisfaction is one of the important factors which have drawn the attention of managers in the organization as well as academicians. Various studies have been conducted to find out the factor which determines job satisfaction and the way it influences productivity in an organization. Though there is no conclusive evidence that job satisfaction affects productivity directly because productivity depends on so many factors, it is still a prime concern for managers. The study mainly concentrated only on the employees' perspective that is job satisfaction of the employees and job satisfaction of the women workers of the match industry.

Tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia are important ecosystems that play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles, with a potential for strong climate feedback loops. The degradation of tropical peatlands due to the expansion of oil palm plantations and their impact on biodiversity and the carbon balance is a global concern. The majority of conversion of Southeast Asian peatlands to agriculture has been by smallholder oil palm farmers, who follow more varied cropping systems compared to industrial plantations, and have better scope for expansion of other alternative varied cropping systems if supported and encouraged. Using previously-published data on peat physicochemical properties, biodiversity and greenhouse gas emissions from small-holder oil palm plantations, we determined that prolonged oil palm monocropping for two generations would result in loss of carbon and peat functional properties that may lead to potential declassification of peatlands. We propose intercropping during the early stages of oil palm as a wise alternative for already-existing plantations in tropical peatlands to ameliorate some of the negative environmental impacts of oil palm on the physio-chemical properties of peat. However, we emphasize the need to more fully explore the sustainability of intercropping systems throughout the life cycle of palm plantations on peatlands, and integrate with current management practices. We also emphasize the further need for research to fully assess the impacts of oil palm intercropping compared to widely-practiced oil palm monocropping. Finally, we suggest changes in government certification policies to encourage intercropping practices by smallholders.