Suchergebnisse

Résumé Cette recherche explore l'impact de l'instrument de mesure de l'état de santé, sur l'ampleur des inégalités sociales de santé à l'aide d'un modèle d'équations structurelles à variable latente. Nous créons un indicateur synthétique de santé latente à partir de quatre indicateurs: la santé perçue, les limitations d'activité, les maladies chroniques et la santé mentale. Nous séparons ensuite la contribution des variables sociodémographiques à l'explication de la santé latente, de leur contribution directe à chacun des indicateurs de santé, assimilable à des biais de déclaration. Les résultats confirment des différences sociales d'état de santé latent mais aussi l'existence de biais de déclaration. À santé latente donnée, les femmes et les personnes âgées déclarent plus souvent des maladies chroniques. Les problèmes de santé mentale semblent surdéclarés par les femmes et les personnes isolées et sous-déclarées par les plus âgées. Les inactifs et les retraités déclarent plus souvent des limitations d'activité, de même que les cadres. Enfin, les personnes les plus éduquées, aux revenus élevés, les cadres et les professions intermédiaires déclarent plus souvent des maladies chroniques tandis que les personnes peu éduquées sous-déclarent la mauvaise santé perçue. Si les quatre indicateurs explorés souffrent de biais, l'indicateur de maladies chroniques est celui qui biaise le plus la mesure des inégalités sociales de santé.

The future burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) depends on numerous factors such as population ageing, evolution of societal trends, behavioural and physiological risk factors of individuals (e.g. smoking, alcohol use, obesity, physical inactivity, and hypertension). This study aims to assess the burden of NCDs in Europe by 2050 under alternative scenarios. ; Funding: FRESHER ("FoResight and Modelling far European Health policy and Regulation") is an interdisciplinary research project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 643576 far a duration of 36 months (2015-2018).

Four decades ago, U.S. life expectancy was within the same range as other high-income peer countries. However, during the past decades, the United States has fared worse in many key health domains resulting in shorter life expectancy and poorer health—a health disadvantage. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a panel of national and international health experts and stakeholders for a Think Tank meeting to explore the U.S. health disadvantage and to seek specific recommendations for implementation research opportunities for heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders. Recommendations for National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute consideration were made in several areas including understanding the drivers of the disadvantage, identifying potential solutions, creating strategic partnerships with common goals, and finally enhancing and fostering a research workforce for implementation research. Key recommendations included exploring why the United States is doing better for health indicators in a few areas compared with peer countries; targeting populations across the entire socioeconomic spectrum with interventions at all levels in order to prevent missing a substantial proportion of the disadvantage; assuring partnership have high-level goals that can create systemic change through collective impact; and finally, increasing opportunities for implementation research training to meet the current needs. Connecting with the research community at large and building on ongoing research efforts will be an important strategy. Broad partnerships and collaboration across the social, political, economic, and private sectors and all civil society will be critical—not only for implementation research but also for implementing the findings to have the desired population impact. Developing the relevant knowledge to tackle the U.S. health disadvantage is the necessary first step to improve U.S. health outcomes.