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"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a member of the protein family intimately associated with zinc-containing endopeptidases, which are the main proteases implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The high ability of MMPs in the degradation of extracellular proteins is an important event in many normal biological as well as pathologic processes, including tumor progression, tissue repair, wound healing, developmental morphogenesis, and inflammatory diseases. This review is focused on the description of the modulation mechanism of MMPs via oncoviruses. Up to now, a large number of oncogenic viruses have been detected and recognized as etiologic factors of multiple human cancers. Actually, by expression of several viral oncoproteins of tumorigenic viruses with the simple genetic system, we are able to deregulate or modulate the pathways of cell transformation procedure in malignancy. In brief, upregulated expression of MMPs genes by direct (through DNA binding) , as well as indirect interactions (by activating PI-3K/AKT, ERK/MAPK, IFN/JAK/STAT, JNK, NF-κB signaling pathways and/or immune response) with tumorigenic viruses, have a noticeable role in the proliferation of cells, as well as angiogenesis, mobility, EMT, invasiveness, and metastatic features. In fact, the growth of tumor-related researchers offers a future perspective for the efficiency of targeted, molecular-based therapies and its anticancer effects via diverse mechanisms such as the suppression of viral oncoproteins. "

"Hippo signaling has been recognized as a newly identified tumor suppressor signaling pathway that can regulate cellular processes including regeneration, cell death, differentiation, and development. Its dysregulation through overexpression of YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (PDZ-binding motif) as two main oncogenic factors of the Hippo pathway has a crucial role in several cancers. Because of the limited prognosis and therapeutic targets, further understanding of molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis is one of the interesting issues in studies. Here, we demonstrated that some viruses, through dysregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway can be implicated in transformation, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance in virus-related cancer and also help processes involved in the pathogenesis of viral infection such as persistence "

Background and Aim: This study aimed to investigate the expression level of Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1(SIX1) in normal and cancerous cervical tissues. Methods: Real-time PCR was used to evaluate SIX1 expression level in fresh surgically obtained cervical biopsies. Also, cervical specimens were tested for HPV DNA detection by MY09/11, GP5+/6+ nested PCR method. Results: The expression level of SIX1 mRNA in Cervical cancer was markedly higher than in normal cervical tissue (p<0.0001). Moreover, HPV DNA was detected in 100% of cases and 21.05% of controls (P<0.0001). Conclusions: This finding indicates that increased SIX1 expression might be of relevance to the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Perhaps, studies to find agents that specifically target SIX1, develop novel anti-cancer and anti-metastasis drugs. This idea has to be investigated in future clinical studies.

Introduction: Social responsibility and, is an indicator that is important in the epidemic of diseases with high prevalence and death rates. The current study aims at determining the relationship between social responsibility and COVID-19 in the population covered by health centers in Iran. Methods: 500 people participated in this descriptive-analytical study. The data was collected using a researcher-made social responsibility questionnaire in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic in three areas general, individual, and social responsibility. The quantitative content validity method was used to measure the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha calculation method was used to measure its reliability. The data were analyzed using SPSS21 software. Findings: Among the participants, 4.32% of them had a history of covid-19, and the history of complications was more in men (51.9%) and the mean social responsibility score of women was higher (P<0.001). The average responsibility score was higher in people without a history of Covid-19 than in people with a history of Covid-19 (P=0.006). Conclusion: Individuals with higher social responsibility observed more health protocols and had lower rates of covid-19 infection among them. Therefore, in the design of educational interventions, planning should be done to increase people's sense of social responsibility.

HBOT has been used quite extensively in the last couple of decades. But there are not many centers that offer this treatment, even in civilian situations. This review has described the rationale and clinical evidence for equipping medical centers with HBO systems, especially in military areas. A narrative review of all the literature available on HBOT in combat-related injuries, studies were retrieved from systematic searches on Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, ISC, Google Scholar, and by cross-referencing until 2020. First, the etiological mechanisms of action of HBOT were discussed. Furthermore, we have provided an overview of 117 studies that clinically investigated the effect of HBOT in the last couple of decades. Therefore, based on the number of studies showing a positive effect, to speed up the treatment process, especially in war-related injuries, it is better to provide its infrastructure and equip hospitals and centers with HBO.

Evaluation of the size of the kidney's parameters of patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) can provide relevant knowledge about the prognosis factors of VUR's complications. The study aimed to assess the size of the renal parameters of children with VUR and compare the results with healthy matched cases by the ultrasound method. Methods: In this case-control study, children under 14 years of age with VUR in our pediatric urology practice from May 2019 to May 2020 were included. Eighty children were included in the two groups (case (40 cases) and control group (40 cases)) in the study. The case group included children with VUR, while the control group included healthy children. The data regarding Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), the length and width of the kidney, the size of the pelvis, parenchyma thickness, and volume of the kidney were recorded. Results: The mean age of children was 3.07 ± 3.05 years, and 35.0% of them were male. The mean number of UTIs in the VUR group was 1.90 ± 1.15 and in the control group was 1.10±0.30 (P=0.031). The incidence of UTIs was significantly higher in the VUR group than in the control group (P<0.001). Length, width, the posterior-anterior diameter of kidney, renal parenchyma thickness, and renal volume in the VUR group were significantly lower than the control group (P< 0.001). There was no difference between case and control groups in terms of anterior-posterior diameter of the pelvis (P= 0.653). Conclusions: The results showed that the size of kidneys parameters in children with VUR was less than in the control group. Also, the incidence of UTIs in the VUR group was significantly higher than in the control group. Ultrasound is a safe and non-invasive tool that can use for checking the size of the children's kidneys with VUR for predict of possible complications

Background and Aim: The prevalence of high-risk behaviors is one of the most serious issues threatening the health of young people. The first step in preventing youth risk-taking is to recognize the problem and its dimensions. The purpose of this study was to investigate high-risk behaviors among students at Tehran's universities. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted from March to August 2019. The sample set was 4,000 students. Data was collected by multi-stage sampling at eight universities in Tehran. Demographic information and standard youth-risk questionnaires were used. SPSS 19 software was used to perform an independent t-test, Pearson ANOVA, and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05 on the questionnaire data collected. Results: The mean of the total tendency to high-risk behavior was 130.34±40.37. Significant risks identified were driving (27.3±8.33), violence (18.86±6.4), smoking (18.86±7.68), drugs (22.47±8.83), alcohol (24.10±8.57), and high-risk sexual behavior (18.47±7.49). High-risk behaviors were more common in men, single people, and people living in dormitories (P<0.05). Age and gender were the best-correlated predictors of students' high-risk behaviors. Conclusions: Results show that the tendency to high-risk behaviors in students is a worrying situation. as, at younger ages, the tendency to engage in high-risk behaviors is greater. Among young men and in dormitory life, students are more prone to high-risk behaviors. So, more monitoring in dormitories, especially male dormitories, and better planning and education to reduce high-risk behaviors among students, is necessary

The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and their role in cervical cancer have been well documented in numerous articles, but it seems that a study in this field in developing countries and the Middle East, including Iran. It's not done. Therefore, the present study was designed and performed to investigate the frequency and genotyping of human papillomavirus in patients by DNA tracking technique. This study was a population-based study in which the frequency and genotyping of human papillomavirus in patients by tracking technique was designed and performed on 534 men and women living in Tehran by DNA tracking technique. Sequences obtained using the NCBI site were analyzed at (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/LaserGene) and Bio edit software. So that in three low-risk groups including 6 and 11 genotypes, Intermediate risk includes 26-31-33-35-39-40-42-45-49-51-52-53 genotypes -55-56-58-59-66-63-83 and High risk includes 16 and 18 genotypes were divided. According to the results, the prevalence of the papilloma virus in the study population was 21.16%, of which 19.46% were in the high-risk group, 69.89% were in the intermediate-risk group and 50.43% were in the low-risk group. According to the results of the present study, although the prevalence of HPV in the study population is less than in many countries in the world, it is suggested that conducting epidemiological studies in the country to extract the true prevalence and plan to prevent and control this disease.

Introduction: Complication after inguinal hernia repair is one of the challenging problems after inguinal hernia repair. This study aimed to compare the complications of three common surgical methods in inguinal hernia repair, Bassini, Lichtenstein, and Preperitoneal methods (with anterior approach). Methods: In this prospective study, patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair surgery in Baqiyatallah Hospital from June 2019 to May 2020 were included. Patients were allocated in three groups: Bassini, Lichtenstein, and Preperitoneal (with anterior approach), based on surgeons' opinions. Postoperative pain, hematoma and seroma, wound infection, recurrence, and also we assed postoperative satisfaction after surgery. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.90 ± 16.44 years, and 92.5% of patients were male. Of the total patients, 6.8% had an infection and there was no significant difference in the distribution of infection in the groups (P=0.230). The mean of pain in all patients was 2.37 ± 1.10. There was no significant difference between the three groups in the mean of pain (P = 0.253). There was no significant difference in the distribution of recurrence in the groups (P=0.356). There was no significant difference in the distribution of testicular swelling in the groups (P=0.421). No postoperative hematoma and seroma were reported in the groups. The mean of satisfaction in all patients was 93.61±19.63. There was no significant difference between the three groups in the mean of satisfaction (P = 0.156). Conclusion: The results showed that infection, pain, and recurrence rate in the Preperitoneal group were lower than the other groups, although this difference was not significant. Also, testicular swelling, hematoma, and seroma as well as patients' satisfaction were similar between groups.

"Evaluated efficacy of Respiratory Physiotherapy and Remdesivir on patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In current systematic review and meta-analysis study, articles published January 2019 to December 1, 2021 were reviewed in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO. Risk ratio and mean differences with 95% confidence interval (CI), fixed effect model and Mantel–Haenszel or Inverse-variance formula were calculated. The Meta analysis have been evaluated with the statistical software Stata/MP v.16 (The fastest version of Stata). Mean differences of PaO2/FiO2 ratio at 6h after chest Respiratory Physiotherapy was (MD, 66 mmHg 95 % CI 64.71 mmHg, 67.28 mmHg; p=0.0007). Risk ratio of recovery rate between experimental and control group was 0.20 (RR, 0.20 95 % CI 0.15, 0.25) with high heterogeneity (I2 =78.84%; p=0.00). Risk ratio of mortality rate between experimental and control group was -0.34 (RR, -0.34 95 % CI -0.65, - 0.03) with low heterogeneity (I2<0%; p=0.51). Based on the findings of meta-analysis, Respiratory Physiotherapy can play an effective role in respiratory therapy and rehabilitation of patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19. A meta-analysis showed that treatment with Remdesivir could increase the recovery rate, especially in the early days of COVID-19; also reduces the mortality rate."

"Background and Aim: Eating disorders are one of the most important issues in mental health that leading to many serious psychic and somatic problems and even death. These disorders were known for years as a disease of the western societies. Recent studies showed that they are also spreading in eastern countries. Limited studies are in Iran. The purpose of this study is to review the Iranian researches. The results of this study in Iran as a developing Asian country will helpful for other societies, especially similar Asian communities. Methods: The authors searched PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and SID and Magiran (In Persian) to find the relevant articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess the quality of research. Results: Twenty- nine studies reported the prevalence or occurrence of eating disorders among the Iranian population. The samples consisted of 40 to 30,532 subjects. Forty papers examined eating disorders among females. Twenty-seven studies were in both genders, and only one was in males. Most eating disorders have significantly varied depending on the different studies and tools used. Most of these articles studied young people. This study breaks the determinants into three parts: demographic, psychosocial, and miscellaneous factors. The incidence of eating disorders in Iran is on the rise. Conclusions: It should be considered a significant health problem. Moreover, despite a clear cultural difference, eating disorders' factors were similar to those in western communities. This matter may be an essential health issue. In addition, despite noticeable cultural differences, the factors affecting eating disorders were similar to those of western communities "

Background: The highlighting of possible risk factors for urinary colonization in patients with obstructive urolithiasis that needed double J catheters implanted to preserve renal function. Methods: We performed a descriptive, retrospective study, carried out in the Urology Department of the Bucharest Central Military Hospital, between January 2020 and January 2022 and included 168 patients with urolithiasis who required the insertion of double J catheters. We studied the bacteriological profile, using both urine and JJ catheter samples. Results: We obtained a double J catheter colonization rate of 32% (54 patients) and 29% of urinary colonization (49 patients). The rate of urinary colonization is higher in patients with colonized ureteral catheters regardless of sex, age, and associated comorbidities. At the same time, we noticed an increased rate of urinary colonization in patients associated with diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Conclusions: The prevalence of urinary colonization in patients with double J catheters was 29%. The colonization of the JJ catheters, as well as the association with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease), show an increased risk of urinary colonization.

"Introduction: Self-care behaviors are very important to control type 2 diabetes. The current study was conducted aiming at determining the effect of the educational intervention based on mobile short message service on the self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes in Khorram Abad. Methods: This study was a semi-experimental study on 191 patients with type 2 diabetes (45case and 45 controls). Data collection tools included a demographic information form, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Self-Care Scale, and Self-Efficacy Scale. Three to four educational messages were sent daily through mobile phones as an educational intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS V24 at a significance level of 0.05. Findings: The data analysis indicated that the average score of self-care, self-efficacy, and blood sugar was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group before and after the intervention (P<0.001). However, in terms of the physical activity variable, this relationship was not statistically significant in the case and control groups. Conclusion: Educational interventions to empower diabetic patients by strengthening their self-care can be an effective way to improve the health of diabetic patients. Therefore, it is suggested to use patient empowerment programs, especially with a self-care approach, to improve the health of patients. "

Background and Aim: Women with gestational diabetes are at risk for type 2 diabetes. Development of self-efficacy is an important tool for active participation in treatment and behavioral change and can have a significant effect on type 2 diabetes-preventative behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary to search for an effective teaching method to improve the self-efficacy of these individuals. Accordingly, the aim of the present article is to determine the effect of smartphone-based education on self-efficacy in women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 90 women with GDM (n=45 individuals per group) at Yas Medical Center, Tehran. GDM software was installed on the cell phone of the intervention group. The control group only received the prenatal routine training. The self-efficacy questionnaire was completed before and 6 weeks after the intervention by the two groups. Data analysis was carried out using Chi-square, t-test, independent t-test, and Fisher exact test in SPSS ver. 16. P-value 0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of self-efficacy changes before and 6 weeks after the intervention (p 0.001), meaning that these changes were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. Conclusion: Smartphone-based education can increase self-efficacy in women with GDM as an effective and low-cost method

"In this descriptive-analytical study, 110 nurses working in educational hospitals of the Ilam University of Medical Sciences were included. Participants were selected using a random sampling method. The data collection tools were the demographic information form, the moral intelligence questionnaire of Lenik and Kiel (2005), and the standard clinical competency assessment questionnaire (CIRN). Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 21. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to analyze the data. The mean ± SD score of nurses' moral intelligence and clinical competency was estimated at 157.59 ± 26.60 and 136.65 ± 46.08, respectively. Fifty-one percent of participants had low clinical competency, and 46% had high clinical competency. There was a significant association between moral intelligence and clinical competency (p<0.05). "