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The bumblebee Bombus terrestris is used worldwide for crop pollination. Despite its positive impact on crop yield, it has become a widespread threat to biodiversity due to its interactions with local bumblebee populations. Commercial subspecies introduced to the Iberian Peninsula since the 1990s without any regulation have colonized the environment, with evidence of naturalization and introgression with the endemic subspecies Bombus terrestris lusitanicus. We have used mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data to describe the current genetic diversity of the Iberian population and to estimate the expansion of commercial bumblebees. Samples from the natural distribution range of the commercial subspecies, the natural intergradation area between the two subspecies and from a period prior to the use of commercial colonies (i.e., before the 1990s) have been used for comparison. Our results show that the mitochondrial haplotype of the commercial breeds has spread throughout the territory, which, together with subtle changes observed in the nuclear genetic diversity of the populations, indicates that hybridization and consequent introgression are occurring in most of the peninsula. It is, therefore, necessary to improve the existing legislation concerning the management and exportation of commercial bumblebees to conserve locally adapted populations.

International audience ; The decline of pollinators has been demonstrated scientifically and this phenomenon is widely recognized by both the general public and by stakeholders. Since pollinators face different threats that are all linked to human activities, there is a unique and unprecedented responsibility for people to conserve pollinators, requiring political action to counter the substantial worldwide risk of pollinator loss. As our perception of the situation is rapidly changing, as a result of the steady accumulation of international and national reports as well as new scientific findings, we propose here to provide an updated overview of pollinator conservation globally. We present the key messages and the proposed solutions found in international reports and assessments, how European countries have interpreted these solutions proposed in the context of existing international frameworks. Next, we analyze how scientific research is addressing the issue of pollinator conservation through different international, European and national programs. The analysis of the keywords used in published scientific articles also allows us to characterize how the scientific community has engaged with this issue over time. Finally, we focus on how France and Belgium have reacted to the observed decline of pollinators, and examine their national interpretations, conservation actions and research contributions.

International audience ; The decline of pollinators has been demonstrated scientifically and this phenomenon is widely recognized by both the general public and by stakeholders. Since pollinators face different threats that are all linked to human activities, there is a unique and unprecedented responsibility for people to conserve pollinators, requiring political action to counter the substantial worldwide risk of pollinator loss. As our perception of the situation is rapidly changing, as a result of the steady accumulation of international and national reports as well as new scientific findings, we propose here to provide an updated overview of pollinator conservation globally. We present the key messages and the proposed solutions found in international reports and assessments, how European countries have interpreted these solutions proposed in the context of existing international frameworks. Next, we analyze how scientific research is addressing the issue of pollinator conservation through different international, European and national programs. The analysis of the keywords used in published scientific articles also allows us to characterize how the scientific community has engaged with this issue over time. Finally, we focus on how France and Belgium have reacted to the observed decline of pollinators, and examine their national interpretations, conservation actions and research contributions.

International audience ; The decline of pollinators has been demonstrated scientifically and this phenomenon is widely recognized by both the general public and by stakeholders. Since pollinators face different threats that are all linked to human activities, there is a unique and unprecedented responsibility for people to conserve pollinators, requiring political action to counter the substantial worldwide risk of pollinator loss. As our perception of the situation is rapidly changing, as a result of the steady accumulation of international and national reports as well as new scientific findings, we propose here to provide an updated overview of pollinator conservation globally. We present the key messages and the proposed solutions found in international reports and assessments, how European countries have interpreted these solutions proposed in the context of existing international frameworks. Next, we analyze how scientific research is addressing the issue of pollinator conservation through different international, European and national programs. The analysis of the keywords used in published scientific articles also allows us to characterize how the scientific community has engaged with this issue over time. Finally, we focus on how France and Belgium have reacted to the observed decline of pollinators, and examine their national interpretations, conservation actions and research contributions.

International audience ; The decline of pollinators has been demonstrated scientifically and this phenomenon is widely recognized by both the general public and by stakeholders. Since pollinators face different threats that are all linked to human activities, there is a unique and unprecedented responsibility for people to conserve pollinators, requiring political action to counter the substantial worldwide risk of pollinator loss. As our perception of the situation is rapidly changing, as a result of the steady accumulation of international and national reports as well as new scientific findings, we propose here to provide an updated overview of pollinator conservation globally. We present the key messages and the proposed solutions found in international reports and assessments, how European countries have interpreted these solutions proposed in the context of existing international frameworks. Next, we analyze how scientific research is addressing the issue of pollinator conservation through different international, European and national programs. The analysis of the keywords used in published scientific articles also allows us to characterize how the scientific community has engaged with this issue over time. Finally, we focus on how France and Belgium have reacted to the observed decline of pollinators, and examine their national interpretations, conservation actions and research contributions.

International audience ; The decline of pollinators has been demonstrated scientifically and this phenomenon is widely recognized by both the general public and by stakeholders. Since pollinators face different threats that are all linked to human activities, there is a unique and unprecedented responsibility for people to conserve pollinators, requiring political action to counter the substantial worldwide risk of pollinator loss. As our perception of the situation is rapidly changing, as a result of the steady accumulation of international and national reports as well as new scientific findings, we propose here to provide an updated overview of pollinator conservation globally. We present the key messages and the proposed solutions found in international reports and assessments, how European countries have interpreted these solutions proposed in the context of existing international frameworks. Next, we analyze how scientific research is addressing the issue of pollinator conservation through different international, European and national programs. The analysis of the keywords used in published scientific articles also allows us to characterize how the scientific community has engaged with this issue over time. Finally, we focus on how France and Belgium have reacted to the observed decline of pollinators, and examine their national interpretations, conservation actions and research contributions.

International audience ; The decline of pollinators has been demonstrated scientifically and this phenomenon is widely recognized by both the general public and by stakeholders. Since pollinators face different threats that are all linked to human activities, there is a unique and unprecedented responsibility for people to conserve pollinators, requiring political action to counter the substantial worldwide risk of pollinator loss. As our perception of the situation is rapidly changing, as a result of the steady accumulation of international and national reports as well as new scientific findings, we propose here to provide an updated overview of pollinator conservation globally. We present the key messages and the proposed solutions found in international reports and assessments, how European countries have interpreted these solutions proposed in the context of existing international frameworks. Next, we analyze how scientific research is addressing the issue of pollinator conservation through different international, European and national programs. The analysis of the keywords used in published scientific articles also allows us to characterize how the scientific community has engaged with this issue over time. Finally, we focus on how France and Belgium have reacted to the observed decline of pollinators, and examine their national interpretations, conservation actions and research contributions.

Insect pollinators are a key component of biodiversity; they also play a major role in the reproduction of many species of wild plants and crops. It is widely acknowledged that insect pollinators are threatened by many environmental pressures, mostly of anthropogenic nature. Their decline is a global phenomenon. A better understanding of their distribution can help their monitoring and ultimately facilitate conservation actions. Since we only have partial knowledge of where pollinator species occur, the possibility to predict suitable environmental conditions from scattered species records can facilitate not only species monitoring, but also the identification of areas potentially vulnerable to pollinators decline. This data paper contains the predicted distribution of 47 species of bumblebees across the 28 Member States of the European Union (EU-28). Amongst the wild pollinators, bumblebees are one of the major groups contributing to the production of many crop species, hence their decline in Europe, North America and Asia can potentially threaten food security. Predictions were derived from distribution models, using species records with a spatial resolution of 10 km accessed from a central repository. Predictions were based on records from 1991 to 2012 and on a series of spatial environmental predictors from three main thematic areas: land use and land cover, climate and topography. These distributions were used to estimate the value of pollination as an ecosystem service. In light of the recent European Pollinators Initiative, this paper provides valuable information for a better understanding of where wild pollinators occur and it should be extended to other pollinator species.