Suchergebnisse

Review of: O Atrito da Memória: Colonialismo, Guerra e Descolonização no Portugal Contemporâneo, Miguel Cardina (2023)
Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 213 pp.,
ISBN 978-9-89671-750-6, p/bk, €18.90

After the Carnation Revolution of April 25th 1974, which put an end to the Estado Novo regime in place in Portugal since 1926, the democratization process, and simultaneously the decolonisation process of the African territories under Portuguese rule, began. One of the consequences of the end of Portuguese empire in Africa, was the arrival and settlement in Portugal of nearly half-a-million Portuguese ex-colonists, coming mostly from Angola and Mozambique. Known as retornados, or returnees, most of them arrived during the summer of 1975, and represented 5% of the Portuguese resident population. In a context of high political and social instability, and of a global economic crisis, this migratory phenomenon represented an additional challenge for the Portuguese administration that had to devise and implement measures in order to welcome, accommodate, and integrate those national migrants into the Portuguese economy and society. This study focuses on the integration process of this population, in a comparative perspective with the French case of the pieds-noirs from Algeria, repatriated during the process of the Algerian independence. ; Au lendemain de la révolution des Œillets du 25 avril 1974, qui mit fin au régime de l'Estado Novo en place au Portugal depuis 1926, commencèrent, de manière simultanée, le processus de démocratisation du pays et le processus de décolonisation des territoires africains qui se trouvaient alors sous domination portugaise. Une des conséquences de la fin de l'empire portugais d'Afrique fut l'arrivée et l'installation de près d'un demi-million d'anciens colons portugais, originaires dans la majorité des cas d'Angola et du Mozambique. Connus sous le nom de retornados, ces rapatriés arrivèrent pour la plupart au cours de l'été 1975 et occasionnèrent une augmentation de 5% de la population du Portugal. Dans un contexte d'une très grande instabilité politique et sociale, et d'une crise économique mondiale, ce phénomène migratoire représenta un défi supplémentaire pour les autorités ...

After the Carnation Revolution of April 25th 1974, which put an end to the Estado Novo regime in place in Portugal since 1926, the democratization process, and simultaneously the decolonisation process of the African territories under Portuguese rule, began. One of the consequences of the end of Portuguese empire in Africa, was the arrival and settlement in Portugal of nearly half-a-million Portuguese ex-colonists, coming mostly from Angola and Mozambique. Known as retornados, or returnees, most of them arrived during the summer of 1975, and represented 5% of the Portuguese resident population. In a context of high political and social instability, and of a global economic crisis, this migratory phenomenon represented an additional challenge for the Portuguese administration that had to devise and implement measures in order to welcome, accommodate, and integrate those national migrants into the Portuguese economy and society. This study focuses on the integration process of this population, in a comparative perspective with the French case of the pieds-noirs from Algeria, repatriated during the process of the Algerian independence. ; Au lendemain de la révolution des Œillets du 25 avril 1974, qui mit fin au régime de l'Estado Novo en place au Portugal depuis 1926, commencèrent, de manière simultanée, le processus de démocratisation du pays et le processus de décolonisation des territoires africains qui se trouvaient alors sous domination portugaise. Une des conséquences de la fin de l'empire portugais d'Afrique fut l'arrivée et l'installation de près d'un demi-million d'anciens colons portugais, originaires dans la majorité des cas d'Angola et du Mozambique. Connus sous le nom de retornados, ces rapatriés arrivèrent pour la plupart au cours de l'été 1975 et occasionnèrent une augmentation de 5% de la population du Portugal. Dans un contexte d'une très grande instabilité politique et sociale, et d'une crise économique mondiale, ce phénomène migratoire représenta un défi supplémentaire pour les autorités portugaises. L'Etat portugais dut définir et mettre en place un ensemble de politiques pour accueillir, loger et intégrer ces migrants nationaux au sein de l'économie et de la société portugaise dans son ensemble. Ce travail est consacré à l'analyse du processus d'intégration de la population des retornados, dans une perspective comparée avec le cas français des pieds-noirs d'Algérie, rapatriés en France au cours du processus de l'indépendance algérienne.

Após a revolução dos Cravos do 25 de abril de 1974, que pôs fim ao Estado Novo, estabelecido em Portugal desde 1926, iniciou-se o processo de democratização, e simultaneamente, o processo de descolonização dos territórios africanos que estavam sob o domínio português. Uma das consequências do fim do império africano português foi a chegada e a instalação de mais de meio milhão de antigos colonos portugueses, sobretudo originários de Angola e de Moçambique. Conhecidos com os retornados, a maior parte deles chegou a Portugal durante o verão de 1975, e representavam 5% da população portuguesa residente. Num contexto interno revolucionário marcado por uma forte instabilidade política, social e económica, este fenómeno migratório representou um desafio suplementar para as autoridades portuguesas que tiveram de implementar um conjunto de medidas para acolher, alojar, e integrar estes migrantes nacionais na economia nacional e na sociedade portuguesa. Este trabalho analisa o processo de integração da população repatriada, numa perspetiva comparada com o caso francês dos pieds-noirs da Argélia. ; After the Carnation Revolution of April 25th 1974, which put an end to the Estado Novo regime in place in Portugal since 1926, the democratization process, and simultaneously the decolonisation process of the African territories under Portuguese rule, began. One of the consequences of the end of Portuguese empire in Africa, was the arrival and settlement in Portugal of nearly half-a-million Portuguese ex-colonists, coming mostly from Angola and Mozambique. Known as retornados, or returnees, most of them arrived during the summer of 1975, and represented 5% of the Portuguese resident population. In a context of high political and social instability, and of a global economic crisis, this migratory phenomenon represented an additional challenge for the Portuguese administration that had to devise and implement measures in order to welcome, accommodate, and integrate those national migrants into the Portuguese economy and society. This study focuses on the integration process of this population, in a comparative perspective with the French case of the pieds-noirs from Algeria.

Abstract
This article examines the connected histories of (post)colonial migration and labour within the scope of the Portuguese empire and its aftermath. Presenting a long-term analysis, ranging from the abolition of slavery in the first half of the nineteenth century until today's debates over the Portuguese nationality law, it focuses on the many continuities between the colonial past and the postcolonial present, in particular with respect to citizenship rights and the racialised boundaries of the Portuguese national community. Through its focus on the less well-known case of Portugal, the article highlights the processes of ethno-homogenisation and the related exclusions woven by Western European (post-)imperial nation states, which, until this day, fail to recognise full citizenship rights for millions of racialised people living within Europe's borders.