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The Neofascist Network and Madrid, 1945–1953: From City of Refuge to Transnational Hub and Centre of Operations
In: Contemporary European history, Band 31, Heft 2, S. 171-194
ISSN: 1469-2171
The aim of this paper is to trace the evolution of the neofascist networks from the vantage point, between 1945 and 1953, of Madrid, a city where a myriad of extreme right activists gathered to discuss and promote their cause at a transnational level. Exploring the local socio-political context in which these (neo)-fascists moved, and the networks that they formed, the study delves into the creation of ratlines crucial for fascists to escape from the Allied prosecution once the Second World War was over, the consolidation of the city as a central meeting point for fascists from all over the world (from Degrelle to Skorzeny, passing by Horia Sima or Filippo Anfuso), discussions around the possible creation of paramilitary organisations, and the everyday lives of (neo)-fascists operating in Madrid. On the basis of police reports, secret service intelligences and other primary sources, this paper foregrounds the role of the fascist diaspora and the subsequent interactions as driving forces enabling entanglements, and cooperation among (neo)-fascist movements and the Francoist regime, at various formal or informal political levels.
Transnational Fascism in the twentieth century: Spain, Italy and the global neo-fascist network
In: A modern history of politics and violence
SSRN
Poisoned Partnership: The International Mercury Cartel and Spanish–Italian Relations, 1945–1954
In: Enterprise & society: the international journal of business history, Band 23, Heft 3, S. 825-856
ISSN: 1467-2235
This article investigates the development of the Spanish–Italian mercury cartel from the end of World War II to the mid-1950s. Previous literature has singled out the cartel as one of the most robust international cartels of the twentieth century, but as this article shows, the cartel broke down toward the end of the 1940s, and although briefly reestablished in 1954, it quickly dissolved again. Building on access to original source material from archives in Spain, Italy, the United States, and United Kingdom, we investigate the underlying reasons why the cartel broke down, and how and why it was eventually reestablished. Because both the main Italian and the Spanish mercury producers were state-owned, this article pays special attention to the influence of the political relations between Spain and Italy on the development of the cartel. The study of the mercury cartel is used as a prism to investigate the point where industry strategies meet government strategies. This article thus contributes to two major strands of literature, both to the business history literature on international cartels in the post-1945 world and to the diplomatic history literature on the intricate relationship between Spain and Italy in the early phase of the Cold War.
A Transnational Network: The Contact between Fascist Elements in Spain and Italy, 1945–1968
In: Politics, religion & ideology, Band 15, Heft 1, S. 82-102
ISSN: 2156-7697