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"With crucial insights and indispensable information concerning modern-day political upheavals, the sixth edition of Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements provides a representative cross section of many of the most significant revolutions of the modern era. Students can trace the historical development of eleven revolutions using a five-factor analytical framework. Attention is devoted to clearly explaining all relevant concepts and events, the roles of key leaders, and the interrelation of each revolutionary movement with international economic and political developments and conflicts. New to this Edition: Expanded coverage of women and revolution with profiles of individual women revolutionaries Coverage of the recent student movement in Hong Kong as well as economic developments in China, Chinese international influence and international economic development projects, and trade relations with the U.S. during the Trump administration. Changes in U.S. policy toward Cuba during the Trump administration. Examination of the cancellation of the Iran nuclear agreement by the Trump administration, Trump administration policies towards Iran, the impacts on Iran and Iranian reactions, and Iranian and Saudi Arabian involvement in Yemen. Coverage of the near extinction of geographic ISIS caliphate, terrorist attacks, and the implications of U.S. policy towards Palestinians and Middle Eastern countries during the Trump administration. Examination of persisting economic inequality, corruption and recent South African political developments and government actions. Analysis of revolutionary movements in Venezuela and Bolivia and coverage of major political developments and events in both countries. Trump administration policy towards authoritarian states in the Middle East and implications for the possibility of pro-democracy movements in Middle Eastern countries. Updated student resources include multiple orienting maps, summary and analysis sections, chronologies, and documentary resources"--

ist of maps -- Preface -- List of acronyms -- Introduction -- References -- Social movements and revolutions -- Revolutionary movements: critical factors -- Revolutions that failed -- Theories of revolution -- Summary -- References and further readings -- The russian revolutions and Eastern Europe -- Geography and population -- The setting for revolution -- The Russian social democratic party -- The attempted revolution of 1905 -- The revolutions of 1917 -- Assessing the Bolshevik seizure of power -- The Civil War -- Leadership struggle -- The Soviet Union under Stalin -- The Russian Revolution: long-term consequences -- The Soviet Union and revolution in Eastern Europe -- The Solidarity movement and the roots of conflict in post-communist party states -- The disintegration of the Soviet Union -- Russian economic and political trends -- Corruption -- Health and related issues -- The disintegration of Yugoslavia and the tragedy of Bosnia -- Summary and analysis -- Russian revolutions: chronology of major events -- References and further readings -- Selected DVD, film, or videocassette documentaries -- Revolution in China -- Geography and population -- Social and historical settings for revolution, -- The development of the republican movement -- War in China -- The People's Republic of China: 1949-1990 -- The great proletarian Cultural Revolution: 1966-1968 -- Post-1978 reforms -- The 1989 prodemocracy demonstrations -- China's economic and political systems in the 1990s -- China's economic success relative to the former USSR -- Morality and the future of the Chinese revolution -- China's progress, problems, policies, and plans for the future -- Summary and analysis -- Chinese revolution: chronology of major events -- References and further readings -- Selected DVD, film, or videocassette documentaries -- The Vietnamese Revolution -- Geography and population -- Early cultural and political characteristics -- French conquest -- The French impact on Vietnam -- Resistance to French rule -- The impact of World War II -- Insurrection -- The French Indochina War: 1946-1954 -- The 1954 Geneva Accords on Indochina -- U.S. involvement in Vietnam: 1954-1975 -- Aftermath and related developments -- Summary and analysis -- Vietnamese revolution: chronology of major events -- References and further readings -- Selected DVD, film, or videocassette documentaries -- The Cuban revolution -- Geography and population -- Prerevolutionary political history -- Economy and social classes -- Revolution -- Revolutionary Cuba -- U.S. reactions to the revolution -- Cuba and revolution in Latin America and Africa -- Cuba and Venezuela's Bolivarian revolution, and the democratic shift to the left in Latin America -- Cuban economy and political system, -- Summary and analysis -- Cuban revolution: chronology of major events -- References and further readings -- Selected films and videocassettes -- Revolution in nicaragua -- Geography and population, 205 -- Nicaragua before the revolution -- The revolution -- Postrevolutionary government, changes, and conflicts -- U.S. and world reactions to the revolution -- Peace agreement and 1990 election -- Nicaragua in the 1990s -- Why were republican administrations so hostile? -- Nicaragua after the Violeta Chamorro presidency -- Summary and analysis -- Nicaraguan revolution: chronology of major events -- References and further readings -- Selected DVD, film, or videocassette documentaries -- The Iranian revolution and Islamic fundamentalism -- Geography and population -- National culture -- The Qajar Dynasty and foreign influence -- The Pahlavi Dynasty -- The setting for revolution -- The revolutionary process -- Revolutionary Iran -- Iran after Khomeini -- Iran and the Gulf War -- Iran and Islamic revolution elsewhere -- Iran, Afghanistan, the War on Terror, and the U.S. led invasion and occupation of Iraq -- Summary and analysis -- Iranian revolution: chronology of major events -- References and further readings -- Selected DVD, film, or videocassette documentaries -- Islamic revolutionary movements -- Historical background of Islamic fundamentalism -- Fundamentalism, millenarianism and revolutionary potential in Shia Islam -- Contemporary revolutionary fundamentalism in Sunna Islam: hamas, al -- Qaeda, Taliban, Hamas of Palestine -- Al Qaeda and transnational revolution -- Taliban of Afghanistan -- The war in Iraq -- Iraq war: nationalist insurgents -- Iraq war: Sunni Islamic insurgents -- Iraq war: Shia fundamentalists -- Iraq war: the future of Iraq? -- Summary and analysis -- Islamic revolutionary movements: chronology of major events -- References and further readings -- Selected DVD, film, or videocassette documentaries -- South Africa -- Geography and population -- Dutch and British colonization -- The Union of South Africa -- The Apartheid state -- Changes in the Apartheid system -- Opposition to Apartheid -- Counterinsurgency strategies of the regime in the 1980s -- Reforming Apartheid -- The dismantling of Apartheid, 320 -- South Africa after Apartheid: economy, aids, crime, and politics -- Summary and analysis -- South Africa: chronology of major events -- References and further readings -- Selected DVD, film, or videocassette documentaries -- Conclusions -- Some comparisons among the case studies -- Inadequacies in the theories of revolution -- Revolutions of the future? -- References and further readings -- Rental sources -- About the book and author

In three volumes, this encyclopedia covers approximately 80 revolutions, from the American and French uprisings of the late 18th century to the fall of the Berlin wall. It combines portrayals of specific revolutions with essays on important overarching themes. It offers a way of looking at how societies reinvent themselves

AbstractThe levels of handgun ownership and the fear of criminal victimization Abstract are both considered social problems in American society. The present study attempted to test for causal effects among these and several other variables through the use of a nonrecursive simultaneous equation model to analyze data for 1,818 men. The results indicated that handgun ownership had the effect of reducing the fear of crime while fear had no statistically signficant effect on handgun ownership. These variables, in turn were influenced by religious membership, region, income, size of place of residence, political orientation, and age. The Findings do not support claims that the fear of crime motivates increased handgun ownership but do confirm arguments that in the contemporary United States. Handgun ownership provides some men with a sense of personal security.

The sociology of social problems -- The sociology of social movements -- The sociology of power: economics, wealth, and politics -- Poverty -- Race, ethnicity, and immigration -- Gender and sexual orientation -- The family -- Education and media -- Health care and well-being -- Crime and criminal justice -- Globalization, technology, and global inequalities -- Population, urbanization, and aging -- The environment -- Drug abuse and human trafficking -- War, rebellion, and terrorism.

Opposition to the Iraq War is thought to have contributed to the election of Barack Obama in 2008. The present study shows that controlling for other factors, including the percentage of the vote going to the prewar Democratic presidential candidate, states with relatively high levels of Iraq War military fatalities had a higher percentage vote for Obama. This result is consistent with a prediction derived from rational political theory and the results of several studies examining the impacts of war fatality rates in other military conflicts in previous elections. However, in the current study, we find that the effect of Iraq War fatalities on the percentage vote for Obama is conditioned by state military enlistment rates. Military fatalities have a strong effect in states with historically low military enlistment rates. But the effect disappears in states with very high levels of military enlistment. [Reprinted by permission; copyright Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society/Sage Publications Inc.]