FROZEN ORBITS AROUND EUROPA
Low-altitude, near-polar orbits are very desirable for scientific missions to study the natural satellites of the planets of the Solar System, such as Europa, that is one of the natural satellites of Jupiter. the problem is analyzed considering that an artificial satellite is orbiting Europa and that this spacecraft is perturbed by the nonuniform distribution of mass of the planetary satellite (J(2), J(3), C-22) and by the gravitational attraction of the third-body. We present an analytical theory using the averaged model and applications were done by performing numerical integrations of the analytical equations developed. Using the averaged method, several frozen orbits were obtained. Some of them has low inclination, low altitude and long lifetime. Numerical simulations are performed using the software Mercury, to compare the results obtained using the analytical theory. ; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Edital ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Spanish Government ; UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, BR-12516410 Guaratingueta, SP, Brazil ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP Inst Ciencia & Tecnol, BR-12331280 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil ; Univ Zaragoza, Ctr Univ Def, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain ; Univ Zaragoza, GME IUMA, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain ; INPE, Div Space Mech & Control, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP Inst Ciencia & Tecnol, BR-12331280 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil ; FAPESP: 2007/04413-7 ; FAPESP: 2011/05671-5 ; FAPESP: 2011/09310-7 ; Edital: 14/2011-PROPe ; CNPq: 303070/2011-0 ; Spanish Government: AYA2008-05572 ; Web of Science