Suchergebnisse

Military in Pakistan and Bangladesh has been deeply involved in politics all over the history. Since after the birth of both countries, the strong democratic government has not yet been established, due to the continuous involvement of Military in politics. The current research attempts to evaluate the main causes of Military Intervention in two countries. The utilized information of causes has been taken from books, journals, articles, on line materials and other secondary sources. The findings result with regard to the sources of military interventions in politics are the causes of weak political institution, vested interest of the military, legacy of the British army, political corruption and superiority.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has taken on the status of public health concern in recent years, due to its increased prevalence among the world's population and its impact on morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Objectives of the study: The basic aim of the study is analysis of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among patients with kidney problems in public hospitals of Pakistan.Material and methods: This study was conducted at Government Tehsil Headquarter Hospital Manawan, Lahore during January 2019 to August 2019. The study was a hospital based quantitative cross-sectional study. This cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of two months from May to July, 2018. All Patients with kidney disease was seen in and out patients in nephrology department. Individuals were selected by the sampling technique in the nephrology department at Hospital during the study period. The data was collected from study participants by interview method questionnaire and secondary data.Results: The data was collected from 200 participants (from OPD, medical wards, dialysis center and kidney transplant OPD). The analysis of the demographic data found reveals the following results regarding age, sex, educational and marital status of the respondents: The mean (SD) age of the participants is 43.95 (1.68) years among the participants. Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD would have been much higher than the result obtained by this study, had the research used current level of creatinine. Third, some questions had not been filled by the respondents and that in turn affects the analysis and the result of the study.

This study investigates the intricate relationship between external debt, debt service, and economic growth by using the panel data of 32 Asian Developing Economies (ADE) spanning 1995 to 2020. Employing a two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) and a dynamic common correlated estimate (DCCE) model, the research explores key macroeconomic channels through which debt influences growth and rigorously tests for debt overhang and crowding-out effects. Findings reveal that public and private investment, total factor productivity, and national savings are pivotal channels transmitting the non-linear effect of external debt on economic growth. Notably, only private and public investment convey the non-linear effects of debt service to economic growth, while productivity and savings convey the linear effect. Evidence of debt overhang and crowding-out effects is identified in the sampled economies. The study suggests strategic measures for developing countries, emphasizing the productive use of accumulated debt, enhanced debt management, and timely project completion. Furthermore, it advocates for fostering economic growth through increased productivity, domestic savings, and private sector expansion to reduce dependence on foreign debt, facilitating both debt repayment and economic self-sufficiency.