Suchergebnisse

THE PRACTICE OF DENYING FOOD AND WARMTH TO AN ENEMY IS AS OLD AS HISTORY. TODAY, INTERRUPTION OF NORMAL TRADE RELATIONS CAN ALSO BE DELIBERATE GOVERNMENT POLICY IN TIMES OF PEACE. THIS PAPER FOCUSSES ON USE OF OIL AND FOOD AS INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AS AN ALTERNATIVE RATHER THAN AS A SUPPLEMENT TO THE USE OF FORCE BY THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND THE UN TO INFLICT PUNISHMENT FOR VIOLATING RULES AND NORMS.

ARTICLE IS CONCERNED WITH TWO HIGH-PRIORITY ISSUES OF THE THIRD WORLD - THE END OF MINORITY RULE IN RHODESIA AND SOUTH AFRICA AND THE CALL FOR A NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER - AND THE WAYS IN WHICH COALITIONAL STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED WITHIN AND THROUGH THE COMMONWEALTH IN PURSUIT OF THESE GOALS.

INTRA AND EXTRA-REGIONAL ALIGNMENTS AND COALITIONS ARE SIGNIFICANT FOR POLICY FORMULATION AND POLICY OUTCOMES IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGION WHERE THE PACE OF CHANGE HAS ACCELERATED DRAMATICALLY. THE AFFAIRS THE COUP IN PORTUGAL SOUTH AFRICAN "LETENTE", AND THE MILITARY REGIMES OF RHODESIA ARE CITED IN CONFLICT IS UNDENIABLE.

COLLECTIVE MEASURES OF CENSURE AUTHORIZED BY DECISION OR RECOMMENDATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL BODY DIFFER IN STATUS FROM MEASURES OF SELF-DEFERCE OR REPRISAL, BUT EVIDENCE IS LACKINS THAT THE FORMER ARE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN THE LATTER. THE ARAB OIL EMBARGOES ARE EXAMINED AND THE EFFICACY OF COERCION IS PRESENTED AS A FUNCTION OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COERCORS.

A NEW AND STABLE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT HAS PRESENTED THE 50 MEMBERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH WITH THE CHALLENGE OF REVIVING THE ROLE OF THE ASSOCIATION AND REDEFINING IT GOALS. DEMONSTRATING RESPONSIVENESS TO NEW REALITIES, COMMONWEALTH HEADS OF GOVERNMENT APPOINTED A HIGH-LEVEL APPRAISAL GROUP (HLAG) WHICH WAS GIVEN THE TASK OF IDENTIFYING APPROPRIATE COMMONWEALTH ROLES AND STRUCTURES FOR THE 1990S AND BEYOND. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES THE MISSION AND STRUCTURE OF HLAG AS A SECRETARIAT ORGANIZATION AND ASSESSES THE REVIEWS AND REFORMS SUGGESTED BY IT.

RESPECT FOR INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND ENTHUSIASM FOR ROLE PLAYING WITHIN THEM HAVE BEEN CONSISTENT THEMES IN CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY SINCE WORLD WAR II. THIS ESSAY FOCUSES ON CANADA'S PARTICIPATION IN MULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONS AND SPECIFICALLY ON THE RECORD OF THE PROGRESSIVE CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENT OF BRIAN MULRONEY IN THIS REGARD. THERE ARE SEVERAL INSTITUTIONS THAT ARE FOCUSED ON: THE UN, THE COMMONWEALTH, LA FRANCOPHONIE AND NATO.