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A NARRATIVE ACCOUNT OF THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF STRUGGLE IS DEVELOPED SHOWING THAT LOCATIONAL CONFLICT IS SYMBOLIC CONFLICT OVER THE CONSTRUCTION OF MEANINGS WITHIN PARTICULAR LANDSCAPES. THE CONGRUENCE OF ISSUES IN BERKELEY, AND CENTERED AROUND THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, UNDERSCORES THE COMPLEXITY, AS WELL AS THE IMPORTANCE, OF THE SYMBOLIC NATURE OF CONFLICT OVER THE USE AND CONTROL OF SPACE. THIS PAPER REVOLVES AROUND THE NOTION THAT USING PUBLIC SPACE AS A POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND SHELTER BASE BY THOSE EXCLUDED FROM THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IS UNDERSTOOD BY THOSE PEOPLE AS A LEGITIMATE AND RIGHTFUL USE OF PUBLIC SPACE.

This paper criticizes McChesney's (1990) hypothesis that the decisions to initially and subsequently terminate American Indian allotment were based on the Bureau of Indian Affairs' (BIA) interest to inflate their budget. By adopting a richer database on the BIA appropriations from 1877-1945 and correcting for model specification problems, I find no empirical evidence supporting any of McChesney's hypotheses concerning the bureaucratic demand for regulatory change. In fact, other large budgetary items, such as New Deal relief funding, Court of Claims judgments, and educational spending, crowded out BIA land management appropriations over these years. Interestingly, a cursory overview of this period illustrates how the BIA fought for less, rather than more, administrative control over Indian affairs.

This book brings together experts from around the world to explore how sanitation affected our ancestors. By its end, readers will realise that toilets were in use in ancient Mesopotamia even before the invention of writing, and that flushing toilets with anatomic seats were a technology of ancient Greece at the time of the minotaur myth. While pas

This book is a pioneering contribution to the history of the founding of the West German political system after the Second World War. The political cooperation between Catholics and Protestants that resulted in the formation of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) in occupied and early West Germany represented a significant change from a long history of hostility in confessional relations. Given that the CDU went on to dominate politics in West Germany well into the 1960s, Maria D. Mitchell argues that an understanding of what made this interconfessional party possible is crucial to an exploration of German history in the postwar period. She examines the political history of party formation as well as the religious beliefs and motivations that shaped the party's philosophy and positions. She provides an authoritative guide to the complex processes of maneuvering and negotiation that produced the CDU during 1945-46. The full range of political possibilities is discussed, including the suppressed alternatives to the Adenauer/Erhard axis that eventually defined the party's trajectory during the 1950s and the abortive Christian Socialism associated with Jacob Kaiser