Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Series Preface -- Volume Preface -- Contents -- Introduction: Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Anthropogenic Contamination as the Main Threat to the Aquatic Environment -- 2.1 Behaviour of Organic Contaminants in Aquatic Biota -- 3 Main Ingredients in Personal Care Products -- 3.1 Biocide Compounds -- 3.1.1 Benzotriazole -- 3.1.2 Triclosan and Triclocarban -- 3.2 Preservatives -- 3.3 Fragrances -- 3.3.1 Nitromusks -- 3.3.2 Polycyclic Musks -- 3.3.3 Macrocyclic Musks -- 3.4 Surfactants -- 3.4.1 Phthalates -- 3.4.2 Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates -- 3.5 Insect Repellents -- 3.6 UV Filters (Sunscreens) -- 3.7 Siloxanes -- 4 Health Effects of PCPs on Biota and Humans -- 4.1 PCPs as Endocrine Disruptors -- 5 Legislative Framework and Water Awareness Initiatives -- 5.1 European Framework -- 5.2 Other Frameworks -- 5.3 Water Awareness Initiatives -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part I: Occurrence of Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment: Case Studies -- Occurrence of PCPs in Natural Waters from Europe -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fragrances -- 3 UV Filters -- 4 Phenolic Chemicals and Detergents -- 5 Preservatives -- 6 Repellents -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment in China -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Production and Usage of PCPs in China -- 3 Occurrence and Fate of PCPs in the Aquatic Environment in China -- 3.1 Antimicrobial Agents -- 3.1.1 Antimicrobial Agents in Sewage and Sludge -- 3.1.2 Antimicrobial Agents in Surface Water and Sediment -- 3.2 Synthetic Musks -- 3.2.1 Synthetic Musks in Sewage and Sludge -- 3.2.2 Synthetic Musks in Surface Water and Sediment -- 3.3 UV Filters and UV Stabilizers -- 3.3.1 UV Filters and UV Stabilizers in Sewage and Sludge -- 3.3.2 UV Filters and UV Stabilizers in Surface Water and Sediment.

The present study evaluated the efficiency of a high rate algal pond (HRAP) at pilot scale to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from urban wastewater, including UV-filters and parabens (10), benzotriazoles (4), antibiotics (15), anti-inflammatories (3) and other pharmaceuticals (3). A total of 35 compounds were targeted, of which 21 were detected in the influent wastewater to the HRAP. Removals (RE%) for pharmaceuticals were variable, with efficient eliminations for atenolol (84%) and sulfathiazole (100%), whereas the anti-inflammatories naproxen and ketoprofen were only partially removed <50%. Benzotriazoles showed elimination rates similar to those of conventional WWTPs, with RE% ranging from no elimination to 51% for the UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP3) and 100% for 4-methylbenzilidenecamphor (4MBC). Hazard quotients (HQs) were estimated for those compounds not fully eliminated in the HRAP, as well as the cumulative ecotoxicity in the resulting effluent. The majority of the compounds yielded HQs < 0.1, meaning that no environmental risk would be derived from their discharge. Overall, these results clearly indicate that HRAPs are a reliable, green and cost-effective alternative to intensive wastewater treatment, yielding promising results removing these contaminants. ; M.J. García-Galán and M. Garfí would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for their research grants (IJCI-2017-34601 and RYC-2016-20059, respectively). Lucas Vassalle would like to acknowledge the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development from Brazilian Ministry of Education—CNPQ (scholarship 204026/2018-0). Larissa T. Arashiro is grateful to the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 676070 (SuPER-W). This communication reflects only the author's view and the Research Executive Agency of the EU is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The authors would like to thank Antonio Ortiz Ruiz for his help on the design of Figure 1. ; Peer reviewed

The present study evaluated the efficiency of a high rate algal pond (HRAP) at pilot scale to remove pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from urban wastewater, including UV-filters and parabens (10), benzotriazoles (4), antibiotics (15), anti-inflammatories (3) and other pharmaceuticals (3). A total of 35 compounds were targeted, of which 21 were detected in the influent wastewater to the HRAP. Removals (RE%) for pharmaceuticals were variable, with efficient eliminations for atenolol (84%) and sulfathiazole (100%), whereas the anti-inflammatories naproxen and ketoprofen were only partially removed <50%. Benzotriazoles showed elimination rates similar to those of conventional WWTPs, with RE% ranging from no elimination to 51% for the UV filter benzophenone-3 (BP3) and 100% for 4-methylbenzilidenecamphor (4MBC). Hazard quotients (HQs) were estimated for those compounds not fully eliminated in the HRAP, as well as the cumulative ecotoxicity in the resulting effluent. The majority of the compounds yielded HQs < 0.1, meaning that no environmental risk would be derived from their discharge. Overall, these results clearly indicate that HRAPs are a reliable, green and cost-effective alternative to intensive wastewater treatment, yielding promising results removing these contaminants ; M.J. García-Galán and M. Garfí would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for their research grants (IJCI-2017-34601 and RYC-2016-20059, respectively). Lucas Vassalle would like to acknowledge the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development from Brazilian Ministry of Education—CNPQ (scholarship 204026/2018-0). Larissa T. Arashiro is grateful to the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 676070 (SuPER-W). This communication reflects only the author's view and the Research Executive Agency of the EU is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The authors would like to thank Antonio Ortiz Ruiz for his help on the design of Figure 1. ; Peer Reviewed ; Postprint (published version)

The contamination of marine ecosystems by contaminants of emerging concern such as personal care products or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances is of increasing concern. This work assessed the concentrations of selected contaminants of emerging concern in water and sediment of European aquaculture areas, to evaluate their co-variation with legacy contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and faecal biomarkers, and estimate the risks associated with their occurrence. The 9 study sites were selected in 7 European countries to be representative of the aquaculture activities of their region: 4 sites in the Atlantic Ocean and 5 in the Mediterranean Sea. Musks, UV filters, preservatives, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in at least one of the sites with regional differences. While personal care products appear to be the main component of the water contamination, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were mostly found in sediments. As expected, generally higher levels of personal care products were found in sewage impacted sites, urbanised coasts and estuaries. The risk assessment for water and sediment revealed a potential risk for the local aquatic environment from contaminants of both legacy and emerging concern, with a significant contribution of the UV filter octocrylene. Despite marginal contributions of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the total concentrations, PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) aqueous concentrations combined to its low ecotoxicity thresholds produced significant hazard quotients indicating a potential risk to the ecosystems. ; This study was financially supported by the SEA-on-a-CHIP project, funded from European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-OCEAN-2013) under grant agreement No. 614168. Antonio Marques is supported through the FCT Investigator program (IF). ; Peer reviewed