Suchergebnisse

AbstractTeachers play a crucial role in fostering inclusive school environments for students from diverse backgrounds. However, harboring prejudiced attitudes towards minority students can have adverse social and psychological effects on these individuals. This study investigates the ethnic and homophobic prejudice profiles of Italian secondary school teachers (N = 552, Mage = 46.15, 76.4% females) using a person-centered approach. It explores how these prejudice profiles predict moral disengagement mechanisms, self-efficacy, and social anxiety among teachers. Participants completed assessments on subtle and blatant ethnic prejudice, attitudes toward the representation of homosexuality, moral disengagement, self-efficacy in teaching, and social anxiety. Latent profile analysis identified three prejudice profiles among teachers: low, moderate, and high prejudice. The results, based on a structural equation model, revealed that teachers with high prejudice profiles were more likely to employ moral disengagement mechanisms and reported higher levels of social anxiety. The study underscores the significance of interventions and monitoring efforts tailored to educators, encompassing their social, moral, and individual dimensions.

AbstractThe role of moral disengagement strategies and religiosity related to ethnic and homophobic prejudice were investigated in a sample of 550 Italian secondary school teachers (76.4% female, age range: 20–70; M = 46.18) who completed the teachers' attitudes towards the representation of homosexuality in film and television scale; the Italian version of the moral disengagement scale; the subtle and blatant prejudice scales; and three items to evaluate their religiosity. Evidence suggests that moral disengagement processes matter for subtle ethnic prejudice, but not for blatant ethnic prejudice or homophobic prejudice. Results based on a structural equation model show that teachers who are more prone to use moral disengagement mechanisms have higher levels of subtle ethnic prejudice, while teachers who are older and more religious have higher levels of homophobic prejudice. The results of a multiple group structural equation model showed that high versus low levels of religiosity among teachers did not moderate the strength of these associations. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed.

The literature suggests that sex offenders are more at risk of relapse and how much treatment pathways are needed to prevent it. Furthermore, the picture of predisposing factors connected to relapse appears complex. Therefore, the aim of this work is to verify the framework of social-cognitive risk factors connected to relapse in sex offenders. Participants in the study are 128 male sex offenders. The age range of the participants goes from 21 to 75 years (M = 41.74; SD = 13.45). Participants were given self-report questionnaires to evaluate cognitive distortions towards children and towards the right to sexuality, the Hanson Sex Attitude Questionnaire; cognitive distortions towards women, the Vindictive Rape Attitude Questionnaire; the mechanisms of moral disengagement, the Moral Disengagement Scale; furthermore, based on the grid of De Leo and colleagues, any adverse conditions (abuse, mistreatment, poverty, substance abuse, institutionalization) during childhood and/or adolescence were identified. Recidivism, on the other hand, was examined by asking participants if they had been convicted several times of the same crime and verifying this information through their files. The results showed that institutionalization, abuse, cognitive distortions towards women, and the mechanism of attributing blame to the victim can be relevant risk factors associated with relapse. The picture that emerged could suggest how the occurrence in a context of institutionalization during childhood could evidently represent an adverse condition during individual development that acts as a predisposing factor for the risk of relapse; in fact, it is possible to hypothesize that this condition may be linked to experiences of neglect. In the direction, the cognitive distortions towards women and the mechanism of attributing guilt to the victim represented the fulcrum of the deviant cognitive scheme capable of legitimizing the activation of violent and abusive behavior.

The sexual harassment of adolescents is a heterogeneous phenomenon; however, some aspects of the perpetrators of these crimes appear obscure or little - known. This study aims to investigate the emotional and relational skills of a sex offender through the critical analysis of his psychological path. The sex offender is a middle - aged man accused of sexual acts with minors. The patient has socio - relational deficits as well as immaturity in the sexual–affective sphere, which make him vulnerable. During the clinical path, he was very tired and felt the weight of what he was caring for. The patient should carry out training aimed at restructuring his cognitive distortions, working on the aspects concerning relationships. This case study highlights how necessary investments are in policies that allow sex offenders to try to improve their conditions as well as allowing social inclusion free from prejudices and stigmatizations. It will ultimately reduce the risk of recidivism.

This study explores how children are involved in the family decision-making process when buying healthy vs unhealthy food, and whether this involvement is influenced by family emotional climate. Participants are 239 parents of 7 to 13 years old children. They completed a set of self-report questionnaire related to healthy and unhealthy foods perception; consumer purchase decision making process; children's influences strategies in food purchase; influence exerted by children in the food purchasing process; family cohesion, flexibility, and communication. The results highlight how the children used influence strategies and became more involved in consumer purchasing decisions when they come to unhealthy food than healthy food. The emotional family climate also modifies both the frequency of use and the level of participation in the consumer purchase decision making process. This study provides insight into the key predictors of the development of certain consumption skills in children and how they use them to influence the family purchase of healthy and unhealthy foods.

This study analysed the levels of cognitive distortions and verified whether adverse experiences (e.g., emotional abuse) may influence psychopathological traits, empathy deficits and levels of moral disengagement and cognitive distortions. Participants were 96 sex offenders: 64 participants are Italians and 32 participants are Portuguese studied cross-sectionally. A semistructured interview was administered to collect data about family and social histories, with self-report questionnaires to evaluate psychopathology, empathy, moral disengagement strategies and cognitive distortions. The results showed that about 14% of sexual offenders reported a moderate / severe level of deviance of distorted beliefs relating to children; 28% of the total sample (but 53% of Italians) reported a moderate/severe level of deviance related to cognitive distortions "sexual right". The results also showed how sex offenders who have suffered emotional abuse during their life report higher levels of emotional empathy, depression, anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism compared to those who have not suffered it. Theoretical and practical implications are provided.

AbstractThe focus of this study is bystanders' behavior and their willingness to intervene in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) in three different countries (China, Italy, and Ethiopia), considering individual and social factors (i.e., right-wing Authoritarianism, masculinity ideology, and gender). The Italian sample was made up of 192 participants (56% male). The Chinese sample was made up of 274 participants (66% female). The Ethiopian sample was made up of 161 participants (53.3% female). Participants completed the Male Role Norms Inventory–Short Form, the Right-wing Authoritarianism Scale, and the Willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW. The Chinese model suggested how masculinity ideology is negatively associated with "reporting the incident to the authorities" factor, and positively with "not my business" factor. Right-wing authoritarianism is positively associated with "reporting the incident to the authorities" factor. The Italian model suggested how masculinity ideology was positively related to the "reporting the incident to the authorities" factor, and gender was negatively related to "not my business" factor, and positively related to "personal involvement" factor. The Ethiopian model suggested how masculinity ideology is positively associated with "personal involvement in the case" factor and gender is positively associated with the "reporting the incident to the authorities" factor. Masculine ideologies, authoritarian personality characteristics, and gender are predisposing factors toward bystander attitudes when confronted with cases of intimate partner violence. Our findings highlight key areas of focus to help raise awareness related to IPV cases, and policy aimed at promoting prosocial society.