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AbstractUnfair representation at its worst. No regard is paid either to population or taxpaying. The basis is wholly arbitrary.

Meteorological cartographies provide a way of tracing understandings of the monsoon through the course of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This paper analyses developments in cartographic representations of the monsoon, from nautical charts to synoptic charts to upper-air charts, to show how such visualisations constructed meteorological knowledge. Assemblages of weather phenomena, people, politics, technologies, instruments, and graphic techniques produced these representations; in turn, these representations were leveraged in pursuit of human agendas. New perspectives and means of recording the monsoon contributed to the non-linear progression of monsoon science, from maritime understandings depicted in nautical charts, to fusions of maritime and terrestrial understandings depicted in synoptic charts, to atmospheric understandings depicted in upper-air charts. Although overlapping, these shifting modes of observation and representation mirrored shifting imperial concerns from oceanic trade to revenue extraction to global aviation. Analysing these visual representations, and the assemblages that produced them, reveals changing constructions of the monsoon and associated colonial agendas.

This is the final version. Available on open access from Cambridge University Press via the DOI in this record. ; Note: this article was retracted on 17 June 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2019.46) for reasons of accuracy in the reporting of alcohol use disorders, as discussed in an editorial – Kaufman KR, Malhi GS, Bhui KS. When a corrigendum is not sufficient, 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2019.41) . A reanalysis was published in BJPsych Open on 6 February 2020 at DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2019.100, and is available in ORE at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/120831 ; Background: UK Biobank is a well-characterised cohort of over 500,000 participants that offers unique opportunities to investigate multiple diseases and risk factors. An online mental health questionnaire completed by UK Biobank participants expands the potential for research into mental disorders. Methods: An expert working group designed the questionnaire, using established measures where possible, and consulting with a service user group regarding acceptability. Case definitions were defined using operational criteria for lifetime depression, mania, anxiety disorder, psychotic-like experiences and self-harm, and current post-traumatic stress and alcohol use disorders. Results: 157,366 completed online questionnaires were available by August 2017. Comparison of self-reported diagnosed mental disorder with a contemporary study shows a similar prevalence, despite respondents being of higher average socioeconomic status than the general population across a range of indicators. Thirty-five percent (55,750) of participants had at least one defined syndrome, of which lifetime depression was the most common at 24% (37,434). There was extensive comorbidity among the syndromes. Mental disorders were associated with high neuroticism score, adverse life events and long-term illness; addiction and bipolar affective disorder in particular were associated measures of deprivation. Conclusions: The questionnaire represents a very large mental health survey in itself, and the results presented here show high face validity, although caution is needed due to selection bias. Built into UK Biobank, these data intersect with other health data to offer unparalleled potential for crosscutting biomedical research involving mental health. ; This paper represents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. In addition, individual authors have declared the following funding: MA is supported by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (Reference 10436/Z/14/Z). BC is funded by the Scottish Executive Chief Scientist Office (DTF/14/03) and by The Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation. EF is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no: [324176]. LMH is supported by an NIHR Research Professorship (NIHR-RP-R3-12-011) in Women's Mental Health. AJ is funded by the Farr Institute and HCRW (CA-04). WL is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula. AM is supported by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (Reference 10436/Z/14/Z). DS receives funding from a Lister Institute Prize Fellowship (2016-2021). SZ is supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol.