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Abstract This paper derives new measures of monetary policy shocks for Brazil. First, one set of shocks is built inspired by Romer and Romer (2004) methodology, using official and private forecasts. Central Bank staff forecasts were collected from the technical presentations of monetary policy meetings, released after the introduction of the Access of Information Law, while private forecasts come from the Focus survey. Second, a yield curve shock is constructed for the Brazilian case, based on the Barakchian and Crowe (2013) methodology. Equipped with the shocks measures, I include them on VARs (Vector Autoregressions) and analyze the effects on inflation and output. A standardized monetary policy shock is found to reduce real GDP in up to 0.5%. In all but the yield curve shock case, it is found evidence of a price puzzle in the estimated models.

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the drivers of long term real interest rates in Brazil. It is shown that long term yield on inflation linked bonds are driven by yields on 10 year interest rates of United States (US) government bonds and 10 year risk premium, as measured by the Credit Default Swap (CDS). Long term interest rates in Brazil were on a downward trend, following US real rates and stable risk premium, until the taper tantrum in the first half of 2013. From then onwards, real interest rates rose due to the increase in US real rates in anticipation of the beginning of monetary policy normalization and, more recently, due to a sharp increase in Brazilian risk premium. Policy interest rates do not significantly affect long term real interest rates.

This paper investigates the drivers of long term real interest rates in Brazil. It is shown that long term yield on inflation linked bonds are driven by yields on 10 year interest rates of United States (US) government bonds and 10 year risk premium, as measured by the Credit Default Swap (CDS). Long term interest rates in Brazil were on a downward trend, following US real rates and stable risk premium, until the taper tantrum in the first half of 2013. From then onwards, real interest rates rose due to the increase in US real rates in anticipation of the beginning of monetary policy normalization and, more recently, due to a sharp increase in Brazilian risk premium. Policy interest rates do not significantly affect long term real interest rates. ; Este artigo investiga os determinantes da taxa de juros real de longo prazo no Brasil. É mostrado que as taxas dos títulos indexados à inflação de longo prazo são movidas pelas taxas de juros de 10 anos dos títulos americanos indexados à inflação, e pelo prêmio de risco, medido pelo CDS de 10 anos. As taxas de juros de longo prazo estavam em uma trajetória declinante, seguindo a trajetória dos juros reais americanos e a estabilidade do prêmio de risco até o episódio do "taper tantrum" na primeira metade de 2013. Desde então, a taxa de juros real de longo prazo do Brasil tem subido, em parte por conta da alta dos juros reais americanos, em antecipação à normalização monetária, e, mais recentemente, por conta de uma forte alta do prêmio de risco. A taxa de juros real de política, medida pela taxa Selic deflacionada pela expectativa de inflação para 12 meses à frente, não afeta significativamente a taxa de juros real de longo prazo.