Suchergebnisse

The increased use of non-traditional materials is driven from multiple perspectives. These include societies' desire for a more sustainable future, reinforced by legislation, regulation and policy mechanisms to encourage the greater use of such materials. This paper discusses two contrasting materials. Tyre bales are free-draining and lightweight and have been used in road foundations and embankments over soft ground as well as in slope failure repair or slope stabilisation. Electric arc furnace steel slag has been used as a direct replacement for a road embankment and a base course layer, as well as in a rail track. Experience demonstrates that such uses become widespread only when a given environmentally friendly material has a cost advantage and/or a performance benefit, and the material and its use is included in an appropriate standard or specification. It is concluded that the lack of a Quality Protocol is likely to further impede their use. ; Les progrès vers une utilisation accrue de matériaux non traditionnels sont motivés par un certain nombre de points de vue différents. Le premier d'entre eux est un enjeu de plus en plus important des sociétés pour un avenir plus durable; cela est souvent renforcé par des mécanismes législatifs, réglementaires et politiques de haut niveau visant à encourager une utilisation accrue de ces matériaux. Cet article traite de deux matériaux contrastés. Les balles de pneus sont drainantes et légères et ont été utilisées dans des fondations routières et dans des remblais sur les sols mous ainsi que lors des réparations et stabilisation de talus. Les scories d'aciérie de four à arc électrique ont été utilisées pour remplacer directement un remblai routier et une couche de base, ainsi que sur une voie ferrée. L'expérience montre que ces utilisations ne se généralisent que lorsqu'un matériau respectueux de l'environnement présente un avantage en termes de coûts et / ou un avantage en termes de performances, et que le matériau et son usage sont inclus dans une norme ou une ...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several studies regarding the values and attitudes of Economics students have noticed a greater leaning towards the free riding phenomena and the market economy. Are these traits always valid? Do they coexist with other sociological relevant aspects? Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted in Lisbon (Portugal) in 2016 with Economics students. In addition to the economic view, it was studied their self-perception at the left-right spectrum and their interest in politics. The results of this survey were compared with previous research on three social groups (young citizens, elder citizens, and other students). The data were statistically analyzed through correlation and factorial analysis tests. Results: The research revealed a tendency towards a right-wing self-perception and an increased concern about politics by these Portuguese students. However, these traits were attenuated, because those Economics students converge with other group's values, specially the "young citizens" and the "old citizens". Generally, groups with greater leaning towards free riding are also more inclined to pro-market ideas, right-wing, and interested in politics. Results indicate the existence of other substantially different behavioral components, being one of them correspondent to the variables used to measure "free riding" and an opposite component which we can label "open-mindedness". Discussion: As a whole, the results suggest a considerable influence of Economics in the mental framework of these students. Evidence seems to signal a diffuse cultural influence, corresponding to a simplified and impoverished version of the academic field.

Previous research on the Portuguese case confirmed free-riding, free-marketer and right-wing political inclinations among economics students. Further scrutiny was endeavored here, perceiving also a considerably increased interest for politics, notwithstanding the lack of concern for public problems. Various aspects of free-riding proclivity were distinguished and discussed, relating them with youngsters' risk-loving and sensation-seeking tendencies, but also with a number of other facets specific to economics students, including: prevalence of achievement values, contextual influences on morals, peer pressure, perceived group status and social expectations regarding the economic profession. ; Pesquisas anteriores en el caso portugués confirmaron inclinaciones políticas de derecha y pro-mercado entre los estudiantes de economía, en paralelo con una mayor tendencia al free-riding. Investigación subsiguiente, aquí expuesta, permitió percibir también una mayor atracción por la política, pero sin interés por asuntos públicos. Diversos aspectos de la inclinación free-rider fueron distinguidos, relacionándolos con la propensión juvenil hacia el riesgo y la búsqueda de sensaciones, pero también con aspectos específicos de los estudiantes de economía: prevalencia de valores de realización, influencias contextuales en la moralidad, presión de los pares, percepción de status y expectativas relativas a la profesión de economista. ; Des études antérieures ont confirmé la prévalence de tendances politiques de droite et pro-marché parmi les étudiants d'économie au Portugal, parallèlement à une inclination accrue pour le free-riding. Des recherches subséquentes, ici exposés, ont détecté aussi une intense attraction par la politique, malgré l'indifférence vers la vie publique. Plusieurs aspects de la pente vers le free-riding ont été distingués, en les rapportant à la propension des jeunes pour le risque et la recherche de sensations, mais également à des traits spécifiques des étudiants d'économie, nommément: valeurs ...

This paper deals on the issue of whether or not studying economics has a relevant effect on molding the values and attitudes characteristic of the trust-building processes prevailing in a democratic society. Mainstream economics teaching, based on the self-interest model of rational, maximizing, individualistic representative agents, may well cause indoctrinating effects, creating or reinforcing both political conservatism and selfishness values and behaviors among economics students. This result is confirmed by most studies in relevant literature, but it may be otherwise explained by a so-called self-selection effect, suggesting that "economists are born, not made". In this paper a contribution to this literature is made with more empirical evidence, namely the results of a survey entitled "Social Building of Trust in Portugal", referring to a considerable diversity of samples (economics students, other students, ordinary citizens of two counties, urban and rural) and being applied in three different years: 2006, 2009 and 2012. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The use of waste in the construction of Portuguese public works is feasible if there are no risks for the environment. The materials that meet these requirements in Portugal are those admissible for landfills of inert waste, their classification being done on the basis of the comparison of the leaching values obtained in standard laboratory leach tests with the leaching limit values established in the Portuguese legislation. This paper addresses the results of the leaching tests performed in laboratory and in the field with materials coming from electrical arc furnace steel slag produced in the Portuguese Iron and Steel ...

Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar e analisar aspectos sociais, econômicos, produtivos e tecnológicos sobre a cultura do feijão em dois períodos (2007/2008 e 2016/2017), a partir Levantamento das Unidades de Produção Agropecuária (LUPA). Destaca-se que a originalidade deste trabalho se deve ao fato de ser a primeira análise de dados quantitativos do LUPA para a caracterização do cultivo de feijão no Estado de São Paulo. Como resultados, observou-se em 2016/2017 que o cultivo de feijão esteve presente em 9.187 Unidades de Produção Agropecuárias (UPAs), totalizando uma área de 105.018 ha. Entre os dois anos agrícolas, esses indicadores apresentaram redução de 19,5% no número de UPAs e 2,0% na área cultivada. As reduções podem estar associadas à crise hídrica e oscilações de preços pagos aos produtores de feijão, que fizeram a opção por culturas mais rentáveis, como o milho e a soja. Fenômenos como escassez hídrica e falta de mão de obra provocaram aumento em áreas com cultivo irrigado e uso de colheita mecanizada. Em ambos os períodos, se observou que a maioria dos produtores apresentavam a área de seus imóveis de até quatro módulos fiscais e a renda obtida pela exploração agropecuária superior a 50% na composição da renda familiar, informações que podem caracterizar essa atividade como de agricultura familiar. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a importância de bases de informações organizadas e sistematizadas para compreender tanto essa atividade agrícola quanto outras, além de permitir observar o processo de desenvolvimento da agropecuária no Estado de São Paulo.

No contexto dos processos organizacionais, visando à obtenção de vantagens competitivas, o conhecimento nas organizações pode ser analisado tanto na perspectiva de maior aproveitamento dos conhecimentos já existentes na organização (exploitation) ou com a ideia de prospecção, com o fim de se obter novos conhecimentos (exploration). Setores como o de bares e restaurantes sofrem um processo de concorrência muito elevada, exigindo um gerenciamento adequado do conhecimento, com perspectivas exploiter e/ou explorer, de modo que as inovações sejam rápidas, consistentes e adequadas ao mercado. Investigações que ilustrem as orientações exploiter e/ou explorer no ramo de bares e restaurantes não foram encontradas em bases de dados de pesquisas. Neste sentido, a presente investigação teve por objetivo analisar as orientações exploiter e/ou explorer, no tocante às inovações dos bares e restaurantes de Campina Grande. Para tal, a pesquisa aplicou um questionário referente à escala de orientação exploiter e/ou explorer (POPADIUK, 2010) em 50 estabelecimentos de Campina Grande. A pesquisa, de natureza descritiva, teve seus dados tratados de forma quantitativa. Estatísticas descritivas foram realizadas e analisadas, indicando não haver uma orientação prevalente de exploitation ou exploration, sinalizando, desse modo, a ambidestria na gestão do conhecimento das organizações investigadas.