Suchergebnisse

The paper makes a two-tier analysis of the possibilities of achieving economic cohesion in Andalusia. On one, a comparative analysis of data on Andalusia and averages for the European Union in similar fields shows that the principal hurdle to achieving regional cohesion arises out of the influence in combination of a set of economic factors central to regional competitiveness (poor labour force skills, inadequate infrastructure, low investment in R&D activities, etc.). On the other level the paper finds that infra-regional variables and a cluster analysis uncover the existence of several types of sub-regions to the whole and the possibilities open to these for achieving an internal thus limited cohesion. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relevance that its findings could have for regional development policy strategies. ; En este trabajo se evalúan las posibilidades de cohesión económica de Andalucia a dos escalas territoriales. Por un lado. un análisis comparado de los principales indicadores económicos andaluces con los niveles medios dela Unión Europea nos permite apreciar que la dificultad fundamental para lograr cierto grado de cohesión externa tiene su origen en la confluencia negativa de un conjunto de factores que son determinantes en la competitividad regional (reducidas inversiones en I+D, escaso equipamiento infraestructural, deficiente nivel de formación técnica, etc.). Por otro lado, el estudio de indicadores intrarregionales y la obtención de una tipologia comarcal a partir de un análisis cluster, facilitan la identificación de potencialidades y desequilibrios por grupos comarcales y sus posibilidades de cohesión interna. El artículo concluye con unas reflexiones sobre las implicaciones de los resultados obtenidos para el diserto de las estrategias de política económica regional.

This paper offers some insights into scientific collaboration (SC) at the regional level by drawing upon two lines of inquiry. The first involves examining the spatial patterns of university SC across the EU-15 (all countries belonging to the European Union between 1995 and 2004). The second consists of extending the current empirical analysis on regional SC collaboration by including the economic distance between regions in the model along with other variables suggested by the extant literature. The methodology relies on co-publications as a proxy for academic collaboration, and in order to test the relevance of economic distance for the intensity of collaboration between regions, we put forward a gravity equation. The descriptive results show that there are significant differences in the production of academic scientific papers between less-favoured regions and core regions. However, the intensity of collaboration is similar in both types of regions. Our econometric findings suggest that differences in scientific resources (as measured by R&D expenditure) between regions are relevant in explaining academic scientific collaborations, while distance in the level of development (as measured by per capita GDP) does not appear to play any significant role. Nevertheless, other variables in the analysis, including geographical distance, specialization and cultural factors, do yield significant estimated coefficients, and this is consistent with the previous literature on regional SC.

Drawing upon 106,181 patent applications by the world's largest defense firms and 241,571 patent citations (2002–2011), this article has two main objectives. The first is to explore the factors affecting the production of mixed patents (those with potential dual applications in both military and civilian spheres). The second is to identify the causes of the use of military knowledge for civilian inventions (spin-off) and the use of civilian knowledge in military patented technologies (spin-in). Our calculations show highly significant coefficients for the variables capturing the "military technological capability" and the size of the company in explaining the production of mixed technologies. The spin-off process is affected by the military technological capability, the size of the firm, and the location. The spin-in mechanism is explained by the military technological capability and the location of the firm, while the size of the company is not relevant.