Suchergebnisse

Discusses the theory of graduated reciprocation in tension reduction (GRIT), whether President Gorbachev employed this strategy, and whether it had a role in ending over 40 years of hostility between the Soviet Union and the US; 1985-89. Some focus on Soviet initiatives to advance the implementation of treaties for the elimination or control of nuclear and other weapons and guided missiles.

In 2001 and 2002, the Korean government dramatically increased cigarette taxes, anti‐smoking advertisements, and smoking prohibitions as part of an anti‐smoking campaign. This paper examines the impacts of these policy changes by modeling quit success and smoking intentions pre‐ and post‐policy and attributing model differences to anti‐smoking policies. Model results provide evidence that national anti‐smoking policies increased both quitting success and intention to quit. However, the impacts of these policies are uneven throughout Korean society. Females and those who exercise for health maintenance experienced higher quit success. Heavy smokers and high frequency alcohol drinkers stated they are less likely to quit smoking post‐policy. One impact of national anti‐smoking policies is reduced provincial differences among Koreans in both quit success and intention to quit. Future anti‐smoking policies should address the different needs of these groups. (JEL D12, I19)