Naval special warfare (1945-2001) -- Frogmen -- Ensign Penney -- The birth of SEAL Team 6 -- Rogue warrior -- The ethical warrior -- The wars (2001-2011) -- Roberts Ridge -- The wedding party -- SEAL Team 6, 2.0 -- Bloody the hatchet -- Head on a platter -- Hostages-- back to basics -- The brand (2011-2016) -- The big Mish -- "You can't eat honor" -- The politics of bravery -- Reckoning (2017-2021) -- Medals of Honor -- Out of control -- Prosecution -- "You would love them" -- Epilogue.
Frontmatter -- Contents -- Boxes -- Introduction -- PART I: THEORY -- CHAPTER 1 Representation, Liberty and Democracy -- CHAPTER 2 The Origins of Democracy -- CHAPTER 3 The Emergence of Representative Democracy -- PART II: PRACTICE -- CHAPTER 4 The Westminster Model -- CHAPTER 5 Critiques of British Democracy -- CHAPTER 6 The Remedies -- CHAPTER 7 Conclusion: The Puzzle of Participation -- References -- Index
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The 1980s witnessed an intense political and ideological struggle over unemployment in Britain, which often involved sociologists defending the unemployed against real or perceived governmental attacks on their work ethic. Notwithstanding valid criticisms of the practical efficacy of supply-side unemployment policies, this rebuttal of governmental`victim-blaming'tactics restricted a deeper critique of the meaning and purpose of work, and perversely helped to reproduce a moral discourse of work in symbiosis with the Thatcher government. Subsequent critiques of New Labour policies have frequently perpetuated this moral discourse, through explicitly or tacitly positing (paid) `work' as the preferred or only `solution' to the `problem' of unemployment.An alternative solution could be a guaranteed income policy. This could both challenge the moral discourse of work and direct policy critique away from areas that teleologically inscribe preferred lifestyles such as that of paid worker.
The research of Jahoda et al. in the Austrian town of Marienthal in the 1930s had a formative influence over the future of unemployment research in the social sciences. This article contends that that research was predicated on a tacit set of beliefs about a gendered relationship between `human nature' and `work'. One consequence of this was that a moral discourse of human nature as fundamentally a working or labouring nature firmly anchored the trajectory of subsequent research into unemployment. This article presents a detailed critique of the moral discourse of human nature that underpins the Marienthal study and its theoretical elaboration into staged theories of psychological response to unemployment, and in so doing argues the necessity for freeing the sociological imagination from the types of belief reproduced by Jahoda et al. as to what human beings, and therefore human societies, are for.
This paper assesses the strength of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) which posits an inverted-U relationship between per capital income and pollution. Specifically, answers are sought to the following related questions: (1) How robust is the EKC relationship?; (2) To what extent can the EKC relationship be explained by changing trade patterns as opposed to growth-induced pollution abatement? With regard to question (1), the alleged weaknesses with the EKC are assessed and new EKCs are estimated using more appropriate econometric techniques. Turning to question (2), it is argued that the impact of trade liberalization on the environment will differ from country to country depending on whether or not they have a comparative advantage in pollution-intensive production. In turn, it is argued that this depends on a country's relative factor endowments and/or its relative environmental regulations. EKCs are therefore estimated in a manner that allows the impact of trade liberalization on pollution to depend on these country characteristics. The results indicate that the inverted-U relationship between per capita income and emissions is reasonably robust and little evidence is found to suggest that trade patterns are a significant determinant of the inverted-U shape.
