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International audience ; This article examines the contested process through which satellite weather data collection is being transformed from a governmental mission to one increasingly carried out by the private sector. As illustration of this controversial transformation, it addresses the debates raised in the United States between some members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Congress, private firms, academic meteorology and international observers between 2006 and 2017 regarding the commercialisation of data obtained from radio occultations using the Global Navigation Satellite System. It looks, in particular, at the arguments, discourses, viewpoints and perspectives of these involved actors. By focusing on one particular site of controversy—policies and practices of data distribution—this case study emphasises a clash of values between conventional norms of meteorology and commercial imperatives driving the private sector with respects to data sharing. The main interest of this article pertains to the broader issue of changing the current model for data gathering, using and sharing in the face of growing commercialisation of weather satellites.

International audience ; This article examines the contested process through which satellite weather data collection is being transformed from a governmental mission to one increasingly carried out by the private sector. As illustration of this controversial transformation, it addresses the debates raised in the United States between some members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Congress, private firms, academic meteorology and international observers between 2006 and 2017 regarding the commercialisation of data obtained from radio occultations using the Global Navigation Satellite System. It looks, in particular, at the arguments, discourses, viewpoints and perspectives of these involved actors. By focusing on one particular site of controversy—policies and practices of data distribution—this case study emphasises a clash of values between conventional norms of meteorology and commercial imperatives driving the private sector with respects to data sharing. The main interest of this article pertains to the broader issue of changing the current model for data gathering, using and sharing in the face of growing commercialisation of weather satellites.

International audience ; This article examines the contested process through which satellite weather data collection is being transformed from a governmental mission to one increasingly carried out by the private sector. As illustration of this controversial transformation, it addresses the debates raised in the United States between some members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Congress, private firms, academic meteorology and international observers between 2006 and 2017 regarding the commercialisation of data obtained from radio occultations using the Global Navigation Satellite System. It looks, in particular, at the arguments, discourses, viewpoints and perspectives of these involved actors. By focusing on one particular site of controversy—policies and practices of data distribution—this case study emphasises a clash of values between conventional norms of meteorology and commercial imperatives driving the private sector with respects to data sharing. The main interest of this article pertains to the broader issue of changing the current model for data gathering, using and sharing in the face of growing commercialisation of weather satellites.

International audience ; This article examines the contested process through which satellite weather data collection is being transformed from a governmental mission to one increasingly carried out by the private sector. As illustration of this controversial transformation, it addresses the debates raised in the United States between some members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Congress, private firms, academic meteorology and international observers between 2006 and 2017 regarding the commercialisation of data obtained from radio occultations using the Global Navigation Satellite System. It looks, in particular, at the arguments, discourses, viewpoints and perspectives of these involved actors. By focusing on one particular site of controversy—policies and practices of data distribution—this case study emphasises a clash of values between conventional norms of meteorology and commercial imperatives driving the private sector with respects to data sharing. The main interest of this article pertains to the broader issue of changing the current model for data gathering, using and sharing in the face of growing commercialisation of weather satellites.

International audience ; This article examines the contested process through which satellite weather data collection is being transformed from a governmental mission to one increasingly carried out by the private sector. As illustration of this controversial transformation, it addresses the debates raised in the United States between some members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Congress, private firms, academic meteorology and international observers between 2006 and 2017 regarding the commercialisation of data obtained from radio occultations using the Global Navigation Satellite System. It looks, in particular, at the arguments, discourses, viewpoints and perspectives of these involved actors. By focusing on one particular site of controversy—policies and practices of data distribution—this case study emphasises a clash of values between conventional norms of meteorology and commercial imperatives driving the private sector with respects to data sharing. The main interest of this article pertains to the broader issue of changing the current model for data gathering, using and sharing in the face of growing commercialisation of weather satellites.

This work focuses on a polarimeter sponsored by the French space agency (CNES) placed inside Earth-orbiting satellites and launched in three different ocasions between 1996 and 2004. It draws upon the case of POLDER (as the polarimeter was named) to examine the research practices, institutions, knowledge, and visions involved in the production, archival, dissemination, and use of satellite data in several domains of the Earth sciences. I It explores and explains their transformations from the 1970s to the 2000s, when the Earth sciences space program developed, as scientific interests, technological developments, socio-economic pressures, political priorities, and cultural contexts evolved. This particular case helps illuminating diverse multiple, often in concurrence, understandings of satellite data and space technology as well as the interactions between science, technology, society and culture. It contibutes thus both to the history of space technology and of environental knowledge. ; Ce travail se centre sur un polarimetre financé par l'Agence spatiale française (CNES) embarqué dans des satellites d'oservation de la Terre et lancé trois fois entre 1996 et 2004. Il prend le cas de POLDER (le nom donné au polarimetre) pour examiner les pratique de rechreche, les institutions, les savoirs, et les visions liés à la production, archivage, diffusion et utilisation des données satellitales dans plusiers domains des sciences de la Terre. Il explore et explique leurs transformations entre les années 1970s et 2000s, au moment où le programme spatial en science de la Terre s'est developpé au CNES, au fur et mesure que les intérêts scientifiques, les développements technologiques, les pressions socio-économiques, les priorités politiques, et les contextes culturels plus larges ont évolué. Ce cas d'étude particulier contribue à élucider multiples, souvent en concurrence, conceptions des données satellitales et technologies spatiales ainsi que les interactions entre science, technologie, societé et culture. Le travail ...

This work focuses on a polarimeter sponsored by the French space agency (CNES) placed inside Earth-orbiting satellites and launched in three different ocasions between 1996 and 2004. It draws upon the case of POLDER (as the polarimeter was named) to examine the research practices, institutions, knowledge, and visions involved in the production, archival, dissemination, and use of satellite data in several domains of the Earth sciences. I It explores and explains their transformations from the 1970s to the 2000s, when the Earth sciences space program developed, as scientific interests, technological developments, socio-economic pressures, political priorities, and cultural contexts evolved. This particular case helps illuminating diverse multiple, often in concurrence, understandings of satellite data and space technology as well as the interactions between science, technology, society and culture. It contibutes thus both to the history of space technology and of environental knowledge. ; Ce travail se centre sur un polarimetre financé par l'Agence spatiale française (CNES) embarqué dans des satellites d'oservation de la Terre et lancé trois fois entre 1996 et 2004. Il prend le cas de POLDER (le nom donné au polarimetre) pour examiner les pratique de rechreche, les institutions, les savoirs, et les visions liés à la production, archivage, diffusion et utilisation des données satellitales dans plusiers domains des sciences de la Terre. Il explore et explique leurs transformations entre les années 1970s et 2000s, au moment où le programme spatial en science de la Terre s'est developpé au CNES, au fur et mesure que les intérêts scientifiques, les développements technologiques, les pressions socio-économiques, les priorités politiques, et les contextes culturels plus larges ont évolué. Ce cas d'étude particulier contribue à élucider multiples, souvent en concurrence, conceptions des données satellitales et technologies spatiales ainsi que les interactions entre science, technologie, societé et culture. Le travail ...

This work focuses on a polarimeter sponsored by the French space agency (CNES) placed inside Earth-orbiting satellites and launched in three different ocasions between 1996 and 2004. It draws upon the case of POLDER (as the polarimeter was named) to examine the research practices, institutions, knowledge, and visions involved in the production, archival, dissemination, and use of satellite data in several domains of the Earth sciences. I It explores and explains their transformations from the 1970s to the 2000s, when the Earth sciences space program developed, as scientific interests, technological developments, socio-economic pressures, political priorities, and cultural contexts evolved. This particular case helps illuminating diverse multiple, often in concurrence, understandings of satellite data and space technology as well as the interactions between science, technology, society and culture. It contibutes thus both to the history of space technology and of environental knowledge. ; Ce travail se centre sur un polarimetre financé par l'Agence spatiale française (CNES) embarqué dans des satellites d'oservation de la Terre et lancé trois fois entre 1996 et 2004. Il prend le cas de POLDER (le nom donné au polarimetre) pour examiner les pratique de rechreche, les institutions, les savoirs, et les visions liés à la production, archivage, diffusion et utilisation des données satellitales dans plusiers domains des sciences de la Terre. Il explore et explique leurs transformations entre les années 1970s et 2000s, au moment où le programme spatial en science de la Terre s'est developpé au CNES, au fur et mesure que les intérêts scientifiques, les développements technologiques, les pressions socio-économiques, les priorités politiques, et les contextes culturels plus larges ont évolué. Ce cas d'étude particulier contribue à élucider multiples, souvent en concurrence, conceptions des données satellitales et technologies spatiales ainsi que les interactions entre science, technologie, societé et culture. Le travail ...