Suchergebnisse

Waste information is necessary for proper management planning. However, data on waste generation and management are sometimes not reliable enough, do not exist or are not useful for the sector. This is due to the high number of waste types and flows, and actors (producers, managers and administrations),which make data collection and treatment difficult. Furthermore, data loss occurs because some waste flows have economic value and return to the second-hand markets without monitoring. The development of a waste information system for a region is more than just about establishing a routine data collection on waste. It is a way to support the challenges of decision-making on waste management. These challenges range from strategic issues of waste management in the national government to the basic challenges of running local governments. In the Cantabrian region, three indicator sets were defined to constitute the waste information system:(a) a Basic Indicator Set, which provides an overview of the status of the generation and management of the main waste streams, giving a national and international comparative analysis of the situation; (b) a Specific Indicator Set, which monitors the objectives of the different waste policies, and (c) a Transverse Indicator Set, which analyses the influence of different economic and social variables on the generation of specific waste streams. The Waste Information System of the Cantabrian Region has been created using a specific methodology for developing indicator sets with multiple objectives. This methodology consists of seven steps: (i) the synthesis, selection of the indicators sets; (ii) analysis of the system under study and data sources;(iii) evaluation of the indicators proposed; (iv) application and interpretation; (v) public review, dissemination and updating protocol; (vi) improvement of indicators sets using SWOT analysis; and (vii) aggregation of all indicators in an aggregated index. These indicator sets with a total of 27 indicators allow tracking the evolution of generation and management of waste streams and the achievement of the policy objectives, establishing a data record, evaluating the data and sources of data, monitoring proposed action and its effectiveness summarizing large amounts of data on waste in order to spread it to the public and finally, aggregate all information in a single index that allows the evaluation of the evolution of all waste sectors in time. ; This work has been supported by the Cantabrian Government R&D project entitled "Establishing the set of indicators for sustainable resource and waste flow in the region of Cantabria". Eva Cifrianwas funded by the University of Cantabria on a Ph.D. fellowship.

The separated collection and management of biowaste (BW) must be implemented in next years in the European countries. In order to define a proper BW strategy, it is necessary to estimate the generation at a municipal level, since depending on the amount to be treated, the strategy may notably vary. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology to estimate BW generation at municipal level taking into account the characteristics of the region, the Municipal Solid Waste management applied, and diferent socio-economic variables that defne the level of rurality of a municipality. A model to estimate the BW generation for each type of municipality has been developed using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. As input data, results from a Waste Compositional Analysis executed by the regional government to samples collected on 38 municipalities and data related to infuential socio-economic variables have been used. Signifcant infuence of socio-economic variables on BW generation is observed for the rural municipalities. The evolution of these characteristics, as well as the greater awareness of society with food waste, have change the consumption patterns. Therefore, it is not recommended to use static ratios, but models that allow including socio-economic changes in the estimation of waste generation. ; This work has been financially supported by the Government of Cantabria R&D project entitled "Obtention, treatment and dissemination of data related to production and management of waste, and adjustment of the existing indicators system to the valid waste plan of Cantabria". The public company MARE S.A. has provided the MSW generation data, as well as the WCA characterisations used to develop the statistical modelling

The most common method of handling construction and demolition waste (CDW) is recycling; this produces recycled aggregates that can replace natural aggregates in various applications while offering social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, from technological, environmental, and management perspectives, CDW recycling faces complicated issues that require resolution. This study proposes a methodology for investigating the influence of segregation and heterogeneity of the inlet CDW stream, and the technological level of the recycling facilities, on the quantity and composition of aggregated product streams. Four different scenarios with the combination of two different segregation levels and two homogeneity grades of CDW were developed; two recycling plants of different technological levels, basic and advanced, were used to treat the CDW in these scenarios. The two segregation levels represent the actual situation and the future situation in Spain; the two homogeneity levels represent the mixing of different types of waste due to the contamination of the fractions. The results obtained indicate that under low segregation levels, basic recycling plants can reach the minimum target of non-hazardous CDW resource recovery set at 70% before 2021 by the European Union, as backfilling is permitted. However, high segregation levels and advanced CDW recycling plants are required if backfilling is excluded since the recycling percentage is much lower than the resource recovery percentage.