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Disparities in health care, education and employment, housing and social welfare have long been documented in Northern Canada. These disparities have been linked to colonialism, ineffective social policy, uneven development and the high costs of service delivery and infrastructure in northern regions. This literature review aims to present a comprehensive understanding of existing research on the current state of soft infrastructure and its deficits in Canada's North and near-North regions. This scoping review contributes to a larger project led by the University of Calgary's School of Public Policy and their Northern Corridor Research Program, a project which aims to evaluate the establishment of permissible corridors in Canada. These corridors provide defined multi-modal rights-of-way with accompanying regulatory and governance structures. Specifically, the term "soft infrastructure," for the purposes of this review, refers to health care, housing, education, employment, jobs training and emergency services. The implications of these deficits in terms of economic and social opportunities in northern regions are discussed in relation to current research. Additionally, the ways in which these deficits relate to current hard infrastructure assets and deficits are assessed based on the reviewed literature. Finally, the costs, benefits and opportunities associated with the proposed Canadian corridor with regards to soft infrastructure deficits and needs are addressed.

This article explores settled Western migrants whose digital content provides recent, mostly Western migrants in Copenhagen with local know-how and city-related information. This new type of informal integration intermediary functions as an emerging digital component of wider urban integration industries that assist migrants with settlement and social integration. We draw on the sociological theory of translation as a social, productive practice that constructs new meanings through selective interpretations and conceptualise the work of these bloggers as translation. Relying on the analysis of their blog and Instagram posts, and on interviews, this article shows how their translations of the city, and through it Danishness, play a critical role in mediating narratives of 'becoming local'. Despite the differences between the bloggers' respective translations (including those afforded through blogs vs Instagram) and despite criticism of a lack of inclusion of the socio-cultural differences in Denmark, these intermediaries ultimately reinforce for newcomers the expectations of the 'green-city citizen' and integration into Danish culture and lifestyle. We argue that what makes their translations resonate is not only that social media itself allows them to perform their having become (almost) local, but also that they carefully use their personal reflections as migrants. At the same time, the fact that their personal experiences of the city have been shaped by their positionality as white migrants feeling very welcomed, and even passing for locals, in the city curtails these bloggers' wider potential as informal intermediaries filling a gap within Copenhagen's urban integration industries.

Drawing from experiences in Northern Indigenous Canada, Uganda, and Vietnam, we discuss the challenges encountered while trying to communicate relevant results to local communities with whom we work. Wavering between participatory and advocacy research, we explore how we grapple with finding the right audience with whom to share results, our attempts to craft communication to be relevant within specific contexts, and dilemmas over self-censorship. We also document our struggles to manage our own expectations and those of the communities with whom we work regarding the ability of our research to broker change. This article emerged from our frustration at wanting to be accountable to our interviewee communities, but finding few academic articles that go beyond ideals to examine how researchers often struggle to meet these expectations. While participatory approaches are increasingly mainstreamed in social science work, we argue that advocacy research can be a more appropriate response to community needs in certain cases.

The study was funded by the research project FFI2010-20759 (Spanish Government: Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), and by the Chair of the Three Religions (Government of the Balearic Islands) of the University of the Balearic Islands, Spain. Julia F. Christensen and Albert Flexas were supported by FPU PHD scholarships from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (AP2009-2889 and AP2008-02284). Nadine K. Gut was supported by a scholarship of the School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, UK. ; We propose a revised set of moral dilemmas for studies on moral judgment. We selected a total of 46 moral dilemmas available in the literature and fine-tuned them in terms of four conceptual factors (Personal Force, Benefit Recipient, Evitability, and Intention) and methodological aspects of the dilemma formulation (word count, expression style, question formats) that have been shown to influence moral judgment. Second, we obtained normative codings of arousal and valence for each dilemma showing that emotional arousal in response to moral dilemmas depends crucially on the factors Personal Force, Benefit Recipient, and Intentionality. Third, we validated the dilemma set confirming that people's moral judgment is sensitive to all four conceptual factors, and to their interactions. Results are discussed in the context of this field of research, outlining also the relevance of our RT effects for the Dual Process account of moral judgment. Finally, we suggest tentative theoretical avenues for future testing, particularly stressing the importance of the factor Intentionality in moral judgment. Additionally, due to the importance of cross cultural studies in the quest for universals in human moral cognition, we provide the new set dilemmas in six languages (English, French, German, Spanish, Catalan, and Danish). The norming values provided here refer to the Spanish dilemma set. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed

Housing, Homelessness, and Social Policy in the Urban North brings together leading scholars on northern urban housing across Alaska, the Canadian north, and Greenland. Through various case studies, contributors examine the ways in which housing insecurity and homelessness provide a critical lens on the social dimensions of northern urbanization. They also present key considerations in the development of effective and sustainable social policy for these areas. The book kickstarts a conversation between multiple stakeholders from different cultural and national regions across the North American north. It asks key questions including: What are the common problems of, and responses to, housing insecurity and homelessness across these northern regions? Is a single definition of "homelessness" even possible, or desirable? And if not, can a shared language around how to end the housing crisis and homelessness in our northern regions still occur? The contributors explore how experiences of northern towns and cities inform an overall understanding of urban forms and processes in the contemporary world, and speak directly to the emerging body of literature on cities. Highlighting key limitations to federal, state, and provincial policy, Housing, Homelessness, and Social Policy in the Urban North raises important implications for developing policy that is responsive to northern realities

People across Canada's North have created vibrant community institutions to serve a wide range of social and economic needs. Neither state-driven nor profit-oriented, these organizations form a relatively under-studied third sector of the economy. Researchers from the Social Economy Research Network of Northern Canada explore this sector through fifteen case studies, encompassing artistic, recreational, cultural, political, business, and economic development organizations that are crucial to the health and vitality of their communities. Care, Cooperation and Activism in Canada's Northern Social Economy shows the innovative diversity and utter necessity of home-grown institutions in communities across Labrador, Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, and Yukon. Readers, researchers, and students interested in social economy, Aboriginal studies, and northern communities will find much to enjoy and value in this book.

Cover -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Introduction -- Part 1: Canada -- Chapter 1. Indigenous Homelessness: Canadian Context -- Chapter 2. "They Don't Let Us Look after Each Other Like We Used To": Reframing Indigenous Homeless Geographies as Home/Journeying in the Northwest Territories, Canada -- Chapter 3. The Importance of Hidden Homelessness in the Housing Strategies of Urban Indigenous People -- Chapter 4. No Dumping: Indigenousness and the Racialized Police Transport of the Urban Homeless -- Chapter 5. Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Respondents to the Health and Housing in Transition (HHit) Study: An Intersectional Approach -- Chapter 6. The Inclusion of Indigenous Voices in Co-Constructing "Home": Indigenous Homelessness in a Northern Semi-Urban Community in Manitoba -- Chapter 7. Community-Engaged Scholarship: A Path to New Solutions for Old Problems in Indigenous Homelessness -- Chapter 8. "All We Need Is Our Land": Exploring Southern Alberta Urban Indigenous Homelessness -- Chapter 9. Rural Indigenous Homelessness in Canada -- Part 2: Australia -- Chapter 10. Indigenous Homelessness: Australian Context -- Chapter 11. Indigenous Fringe Dwelling in Geraldton, Western Australia: A Colonial Legacy -- Chapter 12. Looking through the Service Lens: Case Studies in Indigenous Homelessness in Two Australian Towns -- Chapter 13. "We Are Good-Hearted People, We Like to Share": Definitional Dilemmas of Crowding and Homelessness in Urban Indigenous Australia -- Chapter 14. Enforcing "Normality": A Case Study of the Role of the "Three-Strikes" Housing Policy Model in Australian Indigenous Homelessness -- Part 3: New Zealand -- Chapter 15. Indigenous Homelessness: New Zealand Context -- Chapter 16. Tūrangawaewae Kore: Nowhere to Stand -- Chapter 17. Emplaced Cultural Practices through which Homeless Men Can Be Māori -- Conclusion -- Contributors