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Dr. Hu Shih (1891–1962) was one of China's top scholars and diplomats and served as the Republic of China's ambassador to the United States during World War II. As early as 1941, Hu Shih warned of the fundamental ideological conflict between dictatorial totalitarianism and democratic systems, a view that later became the foundation of the Cold War narrative. In the 1950s, after Mao's authoritarian regime was established, Hu Shih started to analyze the development and nature of Communism, delivering a series of lectures and addresses to reveal what he called Stalin's "grand strategy" for facilitating the International Communist Movement.

For decades—and today to a certain extent—Hu Shih's political writings were considered sensitive and even dangerous. As a strident critic of the Chinese Communist Party's oligarchical practices, he was targeted by the CCP in a concerted national campaign to smear his reputation, cast aspersions on his writings, and generally destroy any possible influence he might have in China. This volume brings together a collection of Hu Shih's most important, mostly unpublished, English-language speeches, interviews, and commentaries on international politics, China-U.S. relations, and the International Communist Movement. Taken together, these works provide an insider's perspective on Sino-American relations and the development of the International Communist Movement over the course of the 20th century.

Model modification in covariance structure analysis through reducing constraints can have an impact on the estimates of the maintained free parameters if the model is reevaluated. Three new statistics that focus on the estimated changes of parameter estimates and estimated sampling variability of the maintained free parameters are developed in this study. Another new statistic focuses on the significance of the estimated change in restricted, especially, fixed, parameters. An empirical investigation of the performance of these four new statistics showed that they can provide valuable supplementary information to the Lagrange multiplier statistic.

The blind, forward-search procedure used by Spirtes, Scheines, and Glymour in their simulation study of computer-aided model specification with EQS does not represent a procedure that is recommended for use in practice, nor does it represent a procedure that is actually implemented by researchers in practice. Thus the implication of their results is unclear. Although TETRAD II represents an important development in procedures for searching for structural models that may be consistent with data, its relative performance under varying conditions, especially with much larger models, under other choices of weight and percentage criteria, and under other model structures is not known. The results on three of the nine models used in the simulation cannot be interpreted, because they do not give unique exact representations of the population covariance matrices: Alternative "true" models can be specified, and EQS and LISREL may have found these models. The differing output from the two procedures that were used, a set of models in TETRAD II, and a single model in EQS, does not permit a fair comparison between the methods. Some alternative methods are summarized.

Practical problems that are frequently encountered in applications of covariance structure analysis are discussed and solutions are suggested. Conceptual, statistical, and practical requirements for structural modeling are reviewed to indicate how basic assumptions might be violated. Problems associated with estimation, results, and model fit are also mentioned. Various issues in each area are raised, and possible solutions are provided to encourage more appropriate and successful applications of structural modeling.