Suchergebnisse

On the basis analysis of 53 hydrographic maps in the scale 1:50,000, an inventory of crenological objects in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship was made. A total of 462 of them were identyfied. Most of them are permanent springs, precisely 346, followed by: 60 permanent springs with intakes, then 34 periodic springs, 10 spring groups, 5 bog springs, 3 mineral springs, 3 observed springs and 1 other outflow. Moreover, the studies revealed the diversity and specificity of the region in terms of crenology. Total discharge of all springs is small as it was estimated at 459.04 dm3•s–1. The most efficient springs reach about 40 dm3•s–1 and only eight exceed 20 dm3•s–1. The total discharge of the 10 most efficient outflows amount to 258.6 dm3 s-1, which accounts for 56.3% of the output in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. In terms of the number of crenological objects, there is a clear difference between the mountain and highland identyfied. In the area of the Świętokrzyski National Park, 25 outflows were registered. Their total output is 6.5 dm3•s–1. At the same time, on the northern slopes of the Świętokrzyski National Park, 21 crenological objects with a total discharge of 5.5 dm3•s–1 were identyfied.

AbstractThe paper presents water temperature fluctuations in coastal rivers (Rega, Parsęta, Słupia, Łupawa, Łeba) located in the southern Baltic Sea area in Poland. Based on the available detailed data on daily values of the analysed characteristic in the years 1971-2015, tendencies of changes in the period were determined. It includes an analysis of temperature fluctuations in reference to mean annual and mean monthly values. In all of the five cases, the mean annual temperature showed an increasing tendency. The value of water warming in particular rivers was approximate, and ranged from 0.26 °C∙dec-1to 0.31°C∙dec-1. At the monthly scale, the highest increase was recorded in April, and amounted to 0.46°C∙dec-1on average. Water temperature fluctuations were particularly determined by climatic changes, and strongly correlated with air temperature. Local factors characteristic for coastal rivers, i.e. presence of infrastructure of small water power plants and predominance of groundwater alimentation, had a secondary effect on changes in the thermal regime of the analysed rivers.

Abstract
The paper presents the effect of North Atlantic Oscillation of macroscale atmospheric circulation (NAO) on the hydrological conditions of Lake Morskie Oko located at an altitude of 1392.8 m a.s.l. in the highest range of the Carpathians. The paper applied detailed hydrometric information from the years 1971-2010 concerning water level fluctuations, water temperature, terms of the commencement and end of ice phenomena and ice cover, as well as meteorological data concerning air temperature and atmospheric precipitation, and monthly and seasonal NAO indices. The performed analysis suggests that the majority of analysed hydrological characteristics of Lake Morskie Oko was not prone to variability of NAO intensity in its various phases. The situation results from the local conditions, particularly responsible for the course of processes and phenomena in Lake Morskie Oko, simultaneously obscuring the effect of macroscale factors.

Abstract
There are a total of several million lakes in the world, which includes only approximately 30 crater lakes. Due to this extreme global rarity, they are the subject of research in many scientific disciplines. In spite of the widespread interest in them, however, many issues still require detailed investigation. In the case of the Morasko crater lake (Poland), hydrological research has been weakly developed so far. The undertaken analysis, which employed a complex research procedure involving the use of georadar, geological corings and bathymetric measurements, aimed to determine the primary bottom of the lake, and further to determine the scale and rate of its evolution. The modern water level suggests that the lake basin is currently approximately 55% filled in with organic matter, and the rate of its sedimentation in the deepest place can be estimated at approximately 0.8 mm·y−1.

Abstract
Data regarding 25 lakes (9 Belarusian and 16 Polish) provided the basis for spectral analysis of water level fluctuations. The obtained output data concerned a 55-year observation sequence covering the years 1956-2010. The selection of lakes was determined by two factors, i.e. data continuity and inconsiderable anthropogenic impact. The lakes were divided into three groups depending on the course of the water level spectrum. The first group included the highest number of lakes (14) which were distinguished by smooth curves with no significant peaks (e.g. Lake Wygonoszczańskie). The second group shows a four-year variability (e.g. Lake Łukomskie). The third group is distinguished by an even peak of three-year water fluctuation (e.g. Lake Łebsko). The location of the lakes categorised into those three groups suggests a certain regionalisation. The first group is represented by lakes of central and northern Belarus, and eastern Poland. The second group includes lakes of eastern Belarus, and the third group - lakes of central and northern Poland. This suggests that alongside local factors, the location of the distinguished groups of lakes may also be determined by regional factors. Presumably, continentalism of climate increasing in an eastwards direction is one of the key factors responsible for the detected regional diversity of lake water level fluctuations.

Abstract
The paper presents a mineralogical analysis of sediments of the biggest lake in the Morasko Meteorite Reserve (Poland). The lake is filled by phytogenic sediments at the top, while at the bottom there are Neogene clays. The main components are: clay minerals in fine fraction and quartz and feldspars in coarse sandy fractions. The presence of disturbed ferrous zones suggests the existence of a dynamic factor that caused deformations in the sediments. Cavities, crevices, cracks, and traces of parching or fragmentation of mineral material can be interpreted as deformations related to the impact of meteorite fragments in non-consolidated soft sediments in the Morasko meteorite nature reserve. Meteorite fragments that left numerous deformed structures were most probably consituted meteorite debris that originated from the fragmentation of the meteorite before its impact.