Suchergebnisse

Home ownership has been recognised by most of the literatures as the preferable tenure compared with the renters. It has been the housing policy of the Hong Kong Government to promote home ownership to increase the sense of belonging of the Hong Kong people. This paper attempted to explore if home-owning would have impact on one's sense of belonging in the low-income group by making comparison of the sense of belonging between the PRH tenants and the HOS owners. The results of the survey revealed that the HOS owners did have a higher sense of belonging than the PRH tenants. Nevertheless, home ownership is not the main contribution. There are other factors affecting one's sense of belonging. In the unique political situation of Hong Kong, the analysis shows that 'family' is the most significant element in anchoring the sense of belonging of the low-income group. However, the findings also confirmed that home ownership would bring societal benefits in fostering a sense of belonging among the public as well as to bring neighbourhood stability through homeowners' social participation and attachment to the local community. Both the PRH tenants and HOS owners indicated home-owing being their preferred housing tenure. Despite that there are many respondents viewed that the societal benefits from home ownership may also be achieved in the public rental housing estates, they agreed that the Government should offer subsidies to the Hong Kong people to assist them in acquiring home ownership in the form of HOS. It is justified that the Hong Kong Government will re-launch the HOS in the near future to realise the aspiration of home ownership of the low-income people and the young generation in view of the incredibly high housing prices which are far beyond their housing affordability. It is also observed that the public rental housing estates did offer a stable community to the PRH tenants who rated an admirable score of sense of belonging to Hong Kong. To promote sense of belonging, provision of more housing rental flats to low-income people is strongly recommended. ; published_or_final_version ; Housing Management ; Master ; Master of Housing Management

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a family of viruses with more than 40 genotypes is known to infect genital tract of males and females. High-risk HPV including genotypes 16, 18 can cause cervical cancer while low-risk HPV including genotypes 6, 11 can cause benign or low grade cervical lesions and genital warts. Considering HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, as well as in Macao, with prevalence up to 8.1%, and given that cervical cancer is the top ten most frequent female cancer which causes high burden in our health care system, it is important to have a comprehensive intervention for control HPV and cervical cancer. Since the HPV vaccine for preventing cervical cancer has been available in Macao, it is worth to know the willingness to be vaccinated among target population. Base on findings from previous studies, the parental attitudes and acceptance is the key factor of vaccination for young girls. Other potential factors, such as the HPV knowledge, vaccine safety and efficacy, cost, the age of daughter and the physician's attitudes, may also affect parental acceptance. Given that no previous study on this topic has been conducted, this study is aimed to understand the knowledge, attitudes and acceptability of HPV vaccination, and to explore and identify the affecting factors for acceptance among school girls and their parents. A school-based simple cluster random sampling method was used. Data was collected by anonymous self-administrated questionnaires among 574 school girls aged at 12-22 and 702 parents aged at 30-65. About 47% of the school girls had heard of HPV and 88.3% had heard of HPV vaccine, while 57.1% of parents had heard of HPV and 83.2% had heard of HPV vaccine. Although the HPV-related knowledge was poor among young girls and their parents, 92% of girls indicated a positive intention to be vaccinated for herself and 88% parents would willing to consent daughter to be vaccinated if the HPV vaccine became in routine immunization. However, the parental vaccination acceptability for daughters decreased to 40% and only 30% of mothers would willing to accept for themselves, if they had to pay a full course for three doses of HPV vaccine. About 97% of school girls and 95% of parents supported that HPV vaccine should be included in government immunization programme. We also found that young girls and parents are more favor in later HPV vaccination rather than vaccination at recommended age. Cost is the dominant affecting factor in determining parental acceptability of HPV vaccination. In addition, daughter's age, vaccine safety concern, Pap smear attendance and HPV knowledge are significantly associated with HPV vaccine acceptance. It may be worthwhile to further investigate the reasons for the delay vaccination among the young adolescent girls and among their parents, to examine if any underlying factors were unexpressed. ; published_or_final_version ; Public Health ; Master ; Master of Public Health

The p‐median problem involves the locating of a fixed
number of facilities to serve a set of customers such that the aggregate
distance travelled is minimized. Considers the p‐median problem
with and without distance constraints. Solves the two versions of the
p‐median problems utilizing the heuristic proposed by Teitz and
Bart using three different data sets. Also provides optimal solutions to
these problems using the Lagrangian relaxation and subgradient methods
in the branch‐and‐bound procedure. Shows that the heuristic performs
quite well except for the cases where the constraints are tight (few
facilities and/or small maximum distance).