This study investigates the main effects and the interaction effects of race and education on entrepreneurial intentions in the pre-startup phase, using logistic regression analysis on a sample of 967 respondents from Florida. Blacks and Other Nonwhites are compared to Whites in the logistic regression analysis. As the largest empirical study of its kind at the state level in the U.S., it addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on a narrowly defined geographic area. The findings reveal significant differences in entrepreneurial intentions among racial groups, with education playing a crucial role. Policy implications include the need for tailored support programs and inclusive financial products to foster a more equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem. This study underscores the importance of entrepreneurial education and highlights the necessity for ongoing research to understand the unique challenges faced by Nonwhite entrepreneurs, ultimately contributing to a more inclusive and dynamic economy.
The purpose of this study was to fill a gap in existing literature on scholar-administrators and understand the lived experience of scholar-administrators who published. Using an interpretative phenomenological approach to extract themes from detailed case studies of five senior academic administrators who have published, the researchers' empirical inferences from the five detailed case histories reveal the challenges and rewards of producing scholarship as a scholar-administrator. Their findings show that the administrators were more connected to the people within and outside the university, their own field of practice, and with the university. The impact of scholarship on scholar-administrators goes beyond publications. Continuation of being a scholar-practitioner has significant impact on networking scope of administrators keeping the educational entities they lead abreast of environmental trends to adapt to. Future research should replicate our study to increase the generalizability of its findings.
Purpose Using Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation as a theoretical basis, this study aims to test the relationship between female entrepreneurial efficacy, entrepreneurial ambition and nascent entrepreneurial drive, accounting for the potential barriers of race and minority disadvantage.
Design/methodology/approach The sample included 950 respondents comprising 213 Black women and 737 White women living in the state of Alabama, USA, who expressed an intention to starting their own business.
Findings The results indicate that race and perceptions of minority disadvantage are perceived barriers in the mediated relationship between female entrepreneurial efficacy, entrepreneurial ambition and entrepreneurial drive. However, the findings suggest that, unlike race, minority disadvantage is not perceived as a significant factor in the mediated relationship between entrepreneurial confidence, entrepreneurial ambition and entrepreneurial drive.
Research limitations/implications Limitations of this study include the lack of an experimental design and the use of cross-sectional data.
Practical implications Results are discussed in terms of the context of the history of racial and gender discrimination within the state of Alabama, USA.
Social implications The results show that the direct effects of minority disadvantage on entrepreneurial ambition are significantly higher for the Black women compared with the White women in our sample.
Originality/value The results of this study show that the direct effects of minority disadvantage on entrepreneurial ambition are significantly higher for the Black women compared with the White women. For the subgroup of Black women, the greater the perception of minority disadvantage, the greater the entrepreneurial ambition reported.
This study examines the current state of personal health records (PHRs) in electronic health care. Surveys report that the PHR usage is generally increasing, and yet, even an influential organization such as the Google decided to end its "Google Health" venture. If the potential for use and future growth is high, why are there so many obstacles to the adoption of PHRs? We analyze comments to articles and blogs related to PHRs in order to identify the current status, barriers to adoption, and future potential of PHRs. This study identifies issues of PHRs clustering mainly around certain key ideas: trust, communication, markets, standards, usability, politics, usefulness, and data ownership. It appears that disparity among the multiple stakeholders as to the expected benefits is the main barrier to its adoption.
Though significant research has been conducted on the subject of entrepreneurship, comparatively little empirical research has been done on factors that influence nascent entrepreneurship. Focused on nascent entrepreneurship or pre- startup stages, this study empirically examines the relationship between one's self-confidence in starting a new business and entrepreneurial intentions. Additionally, the mediating and moderating effects of perceived barriers to entrepreneurship are tested in this study. The research is based on primary data from the largest survey (sample size of 1245) ever done in the state of Florida on nascent entrepreneurship. Data analyses utilize the Andrew Hayes macro, an addition to the SPSS regression analyses, to test the mediating effects of perceived barriers. Results show a statistically significant and positive effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. Perceived barriers to entrepreneurship have a mediating effect that weakens the impact of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. At very high levels of perceived barriers, the promoting effect of self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions disappears completely. This is empirical proof for the inhibiting nature of perceived barriers in entrepreneurship. The paper concludes with several implications and limitations of the study.
Purpose For women entrepreneurs, personal wealth is seen as a promoter, but lack of affordable child care is viewed as an inhibitor. Based on data from 1,284 nascent women entrepreneurs in the state of Alabama, the authors aim to investigate the linkage between personal wealth and barriers to start a business for women entrepreneurs in the state of Alabama. The mediating effect of affordable child care is also examined. Results reveal that lack of personal wealth can thwart business start-ups, and lack of affordable child care mediates this adverse relationship. The authors conclude their study with implications for policy makers and future research.
Design/methodology/approach This is a quantitative survey-based study. This is the largest survey ever done in any state in the USA on the subject of nascent women entrepreneurs. The sample size is 1,284 aspiring women entrepreneurs. (Baron and Kenny 1986) method is used for testing mediating effects. Main effects are tested using regression and ANOVA analyses.
Findings Results reveal that lack of personal wealth can thwart business start-ups, and lack of affordable child care mediates this adverse relationship. The mediating effect is strong and, thus, becomes a focus for any proposed structural reforms that are suggested in the discussion section of the paper.
Research limitations/implications No experimental design. Findings pertain to the state of Alabama and hence generalizability is low. Variables are measured as perceptions of respondents.
Practical implications To mitigate the lack of personal wealth, policy makers should increase resource allocations that will increase external funding for women entrepreneurs through such mechanisms as small business administration grants, minority purchase programs, guaranteed loans, government subsidies, angel investments and venture capital, capturing the amount of capital available to start a business (Jennings et al,, 2013). Even infrastructural support such as incubators and university based entrepreneurial programs would reduce the barriers to start a new business. Affordable child care, via its mediating effect, is another issue that needs to be looked into to promote women entrepreneurship in state of Alabama. Less-expensive community-based child-care programs could provide the necessary fillip to encourage women entrepreneurships to take the initial leap into entrepreneurship. Government funded incubators should include onsite child-care facilities to mitigate the concern about affordable child care.
Social implications Promoting women entrepreneurship is an integral part of promoting entrepreneurship in the state of Alabama. This study suggests some directions for structural reforms to promote women entrepreneurship in the state of Alabama.
Originality/value The largest survey on aspiring women entrepreneurs in any state in the USA. In total, 1,284 women completed responses from the survey. This paper provides empirically rooted suggestions for structural reforms to promote women entrepreneurship in the state of Alabama. This paper corroborates a priori hypotheses drawn from extant literature.
Purpose Social enterprises are organizations striving to address social issues. These enterprises sell products to be self-sustainable. Social entrepreneurial success depends on the intention of consumers to purchase social enterprise products. This study aims to assess and understand the consumer intention to buy social enterprise products.
Design/methodology/approach This descriptive study integrates consumers' emotional values with the theory of planned behaviour as a framework. The intention is to investigate the role of customer emotion in mediating the relationship between predictor and predicted variables. A mixed sampling technique is adopted to select sample units from the consumers with a consideration for regional balance. Data from 336 respondents were collected using a survey instrument administered online.
Findings Structural equation modelling shows that among the three predictor variables, only attitude has a direct impact on consumer's purchase intention, while subjective norms have an indirect impact through the mediating variable (emotional value). Behavioural control showed no effect on consumer's purchase intention of products sold by social enterprises.
Originality/value The results of this study have theoretical as well as practical implications. The success of social enterprises depends on the acceptance of their products by consumers. The social enterprise can strategize its marketing communications to strengthen the emotional values, attitudes and subjective norms of the consumers so that the market acceptance for these products can be increased.
Purpose Literature on organizational commitment of employees has long established that quality of work life (QWL) is a significant determinant. However, the strength of the relationship between organizational commitment and QWL is more complicated given the diversity of employees and the broad scope of organizational commitment as a construct. The researchers break down organizational commitment into three distinct measures as extant literature suggests and then explore the role played by gender in a culturally rich context as in Egypt.
Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a sample of 117 respondents from small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Items used in the survey were extracted from previous research studies. The survey consisted of 39 questions to measure the three research variables. QWL was measured using Zin's (2004) developed questionnaire. The items covered seven dimensions: growth and development, participation, physical environment, supervision, pay and benefits, social relevance and workplace integration. The reported Cronbach's alpha for the scale was 0.93. Items were measured on a five-point Likert scale.
Findings The researchers empirically found that gender plays only a minor and moderating role in the relationship between QWL and affective commitment. The researchers conclude the study with implications for policy, practice and future research.
Research limitations/implications This study had several limitations. First, the sample size was relatively small. Second, the sample composition (singular focus on SMEs in Egypt) was not diverse enough. Third, the tools used in collecting the data were not adjusted to the national cultural context. Fourth, the study lacks an experimental design which is a limitation (Shadish et al., 2002). These limitations, taken together, limit the generalizability of the results and conclusions from the study. Thus, the results are suggestive rather than definitive. Additionally, only the association between variables was investigated, and the researcher did not clearly explore the cause–effect relationships. Whether QWL is the antecedent or the consequence is another research question yet to be explored.
Practical implications It is recommended for future researchers to enlarge and diversify the sample. Additional investigations of the role of gender as a mediator or moderator need to be explored. Researchers should also study the roles of other demographic variables to highlight behavioural and attitudinal variables that significantly affect QWL.
Originality/value While the primary relationship between "perceived quality of work life" and "organizational commitment" is well established in existing literature across many organizational contexts, there is a paucity of research on the moderating and/or mediating effects of third attitudinal variables on this primary relationship. Hence, the main focus of this study was to empirically test the moderating and/or mediating effects of gender on the relationship between "perceived quality of work life" and "organizational commitment." The researchers examine organizational commitment more granularly in terms of its components, namely, affective, continuance and normative commitments.
