Suchergebnisse

In Latin America and the Caribbean, the suitable processing of waste through the use of landfills is around 55%, while the local governments with municipal solid waste (MSW) management plans are around 20%. In Quito, for instance, approximately 2000 ton/day of solid waste are collected, and disposed in El Inga Landfill. The objective of this study is evaluating the MSW management of Quito through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. For achieving this goal, the ISO 14040 methodology was followed and SimaPro 8.4 was used as analysis software. The functional unit used is 1 ton of MSW, while, the material of study was the waste generated in households, commercial sector, schools and markets; whose values were obtained by the public companies EMASEO-EP, EMGIRS-EP, as well as from the open-access data of the city. The results show that using of biogas from the landfill allows the maximum saving of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Therefore, the biogas plant is the process with less environmental impact. The compaction and transportation of MSW displayed a slightly higher impact comparing with the previous process, presenting the second-best environmental performance. On the other hand, the leachate treatment shows the greatest environmental impact according to the model, despite of the effluents does not exceed the permissible limits of the environmental Ecuadorian legislation. The researchers consider suitable the analysis of composting and anaerobic digestion techniques as complementary options to reduce this environmental impact, due to the high organic fraction in the analyzed waste ; En América Latina y el Caribe, el procesamiento adecuado de los residuos mediante el uso de rellenos sanitarios es de alrededor del 55%, mientras que, los municipios con planes de gestión de residuos sólidos municipales (RSU) representan alrededor del 20%. En Quito, por ejemplo, se recolectan aproximadamente 2000 ton/día de residuos sólidos urbanos y se disponen en el vertedero El Inga. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la gestión de RSU de Quito a través del enfoque de análisis del ciclo de vida (ACV). Se siguió la metodología ISO 14040 y se utilizó SimaPro 8.4 como software de análisis. La unidad funcional utilizada es 1 tonelada de RSU, mientras que el material de estudio fueron los residuos generados en los hogares, el sector comercial, las escuelas y los mercados. Dichos valores fueron obtenidos de las empresas públicas EMASEO-EP, EMGIRS-EP, así como los datos de acceso abierto de la ciudad. Los resultados muestran que el uso de biogás del vertedero permite el máximo ahorro de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), por lo que la planta de biogás es el proceso con menor impacto ambiental. La compactación y el transporte de RSU mostraron un impacto con un ligero aumento con respecto al el proceso anterior, presentando el segundo mejor desempeño ambiental. Por otro lado, el tratamiento de lixiviados muestra el mayor impacto ambiental según el modelo, a pesar de que los efluentes no exceden los límites permisibles de la legislación ambiental ecuatoriana. Los investigadores consideran adecuado el análisis de las técnicas de compostaje y digestión anaeróbica como opciones complementarias para reducir este impacto ambiental, debido al predominio de la fracción orgánica en los residuos analizados ; Na América Latina e no Caribe, o processamento adequado de resíduos através do uso de aterros sanitários é de cerca de 55%, enquanto os municípios com planos de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) são cerca do 20%. Em Quito, por exemplo, aproximadamente 2000 ton/dia de resíduos sólidos são coletadas e depositadas no aterro de El Inga. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a gestão de RSU de Quito através da abordagem da avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV). Para atingir esse objetivo, seguiu-se a metodologia ISO 14040 e o SimaPro 8.4 o software utilizado na análise. A unidade funcional utilizada é de 1 tonelada de RSU, enquanto o material de estudo foi o lixo gerado em residências, no setor comercial, escolas e mercados; cujos valores foram obtidos das empresas públicas EMASEO-EP, EMGIRS-EP e dos dados de acesso aberto da cidade. Os resultados mostram que o uso de biogás proveniente do aterro sanitário permite uma redução nas emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), tornando a unidade de biogás como o processo com o menor impacto ambiental. A compactação e transporte de RSU apresentou um impacto ligeiramente superior em relação ao processo anterior, apresentando o segundo melhor desempenho ambiental. Por outro lado, o tratamento de lixiviados mostra o maior impacto ambiental de acordo com o modelo, apesar de que os efluentes não excederem os limites permitidos pela legislação ambiental equatoriana. Os investigadores consideram a análise das técnicas de compostagem e digestão anaeróbias adequadas, como opções complementares para reduzir esse impacto ambiental, devido à predominância da fração orgânica nos resíduos analisados

AbstractThe utilization of biochar derived from biomass residue to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) for bioenergy recovery offers a sustainable approach to advance sustainable energy and mitigate climate change. However, conducting comprehensive research on the optimal conditions for AD experiments with biochar addition poses a challenge due to diverse experimental objectives. Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated its effectiveness in addressing this issue. Therefore, it is essential to provide an overview of current ML-optimized energy recovery processes for biochar-enhanced AD in order to facilitate a more systematic utilization of ML tools. This review comprehensively examines the material and energy flow of biochar preparation and its impact on AD is comprehension reviewed to optimize biochar-enhanced bioenergy recovery from a production process perspective. Specifically, it summarizes the application of the ML techniques, based on artificial intelligence, for predicting biochar yield and properties of biomass residues, as well as their utilization in AD. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive analysis to address the current challenges in biochar utilization and sustainable energy recovery. In future research, it is crucial to tackle the challenges that hinder the implementation of biochar in pilot-scale reactors. It is recommended to further investigate the correlation between the physicochemical properties of biochar and the bioenergy recovery process. Additionally, enhancing the role of ML throughout the entire biochar-enhanced bioenergy recovery process holds promise for achieving economically and environmentally optimized bioenergy recovery efficiency.
Graphical Abstract