Suchergebnisse

The article discusses the issues of measuring the effectiveness of budget expenditures on the basis of international comparisons using the DEA method . Macroeconomic (Musgrevian) indicators as well as sectoral performance indicators in relation to administrative expenditures, education and healthcare were used. Expenditure indicators were the share of budget expenditures in GDP and indicators of expenditure on education and health care per capita. We assess the integral efficiency of budget expenditures, based simultaneously on macro economic and sectoral indicators, as well as separately the effectiveness of expenditures on health care and education. In the DEA efficiency calculations, models with one performance indicator and one type of input and models with several types of costs and benefits were used. It is noted that when calculating integral efficiency, the highest results were achieved during the two periods under consideration by countries both with high results and with a low level of costs, the same applies to calculations of sectoral efficiency. When calculating comparative efficiency, the most favorable results for Russia are related to the calculations of the effectiveness of budget expenditures for education (secondary one). According to the first model of calculations based on DEA, Russia and three other countries are at the efficiency frontier in a sample of 41 countries. It is also noted that Russia's results in education are higher than in the countries with a similar level of spending.

The article is devoted to the problems of relationship between public expenditures and economic growth and methodical and practical problems of estimating expenditures efficiency. The authors note that productive expenditures (expenditures on human capital, social and economic infrastructure, research and development) have strong influence on economic growth. The comparative study of the effectiveness and efficiency of public expenditures was conducted, including productive expenditures (education and healthcare), for Russia and the sample of countries close to Russia by their economic development level. The indicators of the effectiveness and efficiency, econometric models, DEA method, and effectiveness and efficiency rankings based on them are used as measuring instruments in the study. According to the approach applied in the study, the rankings show relatively poor results for Russia in macroeconomic function performance of the public sector, in comparison to the other countries of the sample, but it is worth noting that the aggregated estimates are influenced by the selection of time period. Russia shows high results in education public expenditures efficiency and relatively poor results in healthcare public expenditures efficiency. Also, the productive expenditures level is low in Russia compared to the other countries close to Russia by their economic development level and OECD countries. This can limit economic growth in the mid-term and long-term prospects.

The spatial development of the region ensures the stability of the entire socioeconomic system in the long term, determining its resistance to the effects of external shocks, increasing the ability of the regional economy to recover from these shocks. This explains the increased interest in finding solutions to the problems of a sustainable spatial development of Russian regions in modern conditions. According to the provisions of strategic management, the sustainability of economic systems, in turn, depends on internal factors: on the economic structure and features of development, on the quality of institutions, on the balance of development of economic, on social and environmental factors of the functioning of society under existing resource constraints. The stability of the region's economy largely depends on its ability to withstand the influence of negative factors in times of crisis. At the same time, despite the theory of cyclical economic crises, each of them has its own nature and form of manifestation. The stability of the spatial development of the region is a function of the factors of its instability. Therefore, special attention must be paid to factors that increase instability and reduce the stability of the region's economy, turning its relatively stable system into an unstable one, unable to ensure the unity of socioeconomic, institutional, and environmental development. During this period, there is a reduction in the resource potential of the region, which is unable to meet the vital needs of people living in the region, to create zones of their favorable residence in these territories. The group of internal factors of instability should include, first of all, the decline in production in the region, the growth of inflation, the outflow of the population, weak entrepreneurial and investment activity, the reduction in effective demand, monopoly, etc. The factors of the instability of the economy of the regions are, first of all, external ones, since in the modern conditions of globalization the spatial development of each region is characterized by an increasing strengthening of interdependencies at the interstate, national, and regional levels, manifested primarily in the transformation and restructuring of the economy, strengthening of international institutions of influence, homogenization and convergence of economic and social relations. Modern realities necessitate the improvement of appropriate protective anti-shock mechanisms that ensure the economic sustainability of the development of the socioeconomic space of the regions and the Russian Federation as a whole. The aim of this study involves consideration of new challenges to the sustainability of the spatial development of the region, which is considered on the example of Perm Krai.