Suchergebnisse

The movement to create a phonetic script for the Chinese language was arguably one of the most arresting and exciting
engagements in modern China. While generations of Chinese intellectuals tirelessly applied themselves to sorting out
the linguistic technicalities in devising a Chinese phonetic system, what made language reform—or, depending on the
perspective taken, revolution—historically so intriguing was that it had been a fiercely contested domain where a
fascinating array of ideological positions was staked and contended. As John de Francis has observed, there had always
been 'a significant correlation between attitudes toward social change and attitudes toward linguistic reform in China'.
Indeed, Qian Xuantong insisted at the height of the May Fourth New Culture Movement that to destroy Confucianism,
one must 'first dispose of the Chinese language', whereas the Communist-led latinization movement of the 1930s,
for its part, was meant to create a medium for the emergence of a true proletarian culture.

In China, the government has made great achievements in mass higher education and intended to promote sustainable economic and social development. However, China still lacks innovation today and is trapped in its low-value-added industrial dilemma. Therefore, this paper aimed to understand how higher education outputs and industrial structure evolution affect each other by analysing evidence from Hubei, China, from 2004 to 2013. This paper quantified higher education outputs into graduate scale, education advancement, and innovation outputs and quantified industrial structure evolution into industrial structure upgrading and industrial structure rationalisation. Next, we applied the Granger causality test, vector auto-regression model, impulse response function, and variance decomposition to explore the causal relationships, response styles, and contribution rates between the indicators. The findings are as follows: (i) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation are the Granger reasons for education advancement, and innovation outputs and graduate scale are the Granger reasons for industrial structure rationalisation; (ii) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation can promote education advancement both quickly and significantly, however, education advancement, in turn, does not contribute to industrial structure evolution; (iii) though the contribution of innovation outputs to industrial structure rationalisation is hysteretic, it is greater than that of the graduate scale. ; Hong Kong Community College ; 201907 bcrc ; published_final