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With dramatically increasing proportions of older people, global ageing has remarkably influenced healthcare services and policy making worldwide. Older people represent the majority of patients with cancer, leading to the increasing demand of healthcare due to more comorbidities and inherent frailty. The preference of older people with cancer are often ignored, and they are considered incapable of making choices for themselves, particularly medical decisions. This might impede the provision of their preferred care and lead to poor healthcare outcomes. Advance care planning (ACP) is considered an effective intervention to assist older people to think ahead and make a choice in accordance with their wishes when they possess capacity to do so. The implementation of ACP can potentially lead to positive impact for patients and families. However, the assessment of mental capacity among older adults with cancer might be a crucial concern when implementing ACP, as loss of mental capacity occurs frequently during disease deterioration and functional decline. This article aims to answer the following questions by exploring the existing evidence. How does ACP develop for older people with cancer? How can we measure mental capacity and what kind of principles for assessment we should apply? What are the facilitators and barriers when implementing an ACP in this population? Furthermore, a discussion about cultural adaptation and relevant legislation in Asia is elucidated for better understanding about its cultural appropriateness and the implications. Finally, recommendations in relation to early intervention with routine monitoring and examination of capacity assessment in clinical practice when delivering ACP, reconciling patient autonomy and family values by applying the concept of relational autonomy, and a corresponding legislation and public education should be in place in Asia. More research on ACP and capacity assessment in different cultural contexts and policy frameworks is highlighted as crucial factors for ...

With dramatically increasing proportions of older people, global ageing has remarkably influenced healthcare services and policy making worldwide. Older people represent the majority of patients with cancer, leading to the increasing demand of healthcare due to more comorbidities and inherent frailty. The preference of older people with cancer are often ignored, and they are considered incapable of making choices for themselves, particularly medical decisions. This might impede the provision of their preferred care and lead to poor healthcare outcomes. Advance care planning (ACP) is considered an effective intervention to assist older people to think ahead and make a choice in accordance with their wishes when they possess capacity to do so. The implementation of ACP can potentially lead to positive impact for patients and families. However, the assessment of mental capacity among older adults with cancer might be a crucial concern when implementing ACP, as loss of mental capacity occurs frequently during disease deterioration and functional decline. This article aims to answer the following questions by exploring the existing evidence. How does ACP develop for older people with cancer? How can we measure mental capacity and what kind of principles for assessment we should apply? What are the facilitators and barriers when implementing an ACP in this population? Furthermore, a discussion about cultural adaptation and relevant legislation in Asia is elucidated for better understanding about its cultural appropriateness and the implications. Finally, recommendations in relation to early intervention with routine monitoring and examination of capacity assessment in clinical practice when delivering ACP, reconciling patient autonomy and family values by applying the concept of relational autonomy, and a corresponding legislation and public education should be in place in Asia. More research on ACP and capacity assessment in different cultural contexts and policy frameworks is highlighted as crucial factors for successful implementation of ACP.

Abstract
Studies of social organizations in the People's Republic of China during the reform period emphasized their limited power and dependent nature, particularly when compared to the US, where associational life is generally understood as relatively independent from the state. More recently China scholars have found greater variation and complexity among social organizations in China and while others increasingly recognize hybridity in American and European organizations. There are, however, few studies comparing the NPO sector and its relationship with the state across regime types. Using resource dependence theory as a lens through which to examine the behaviors and development of two environmental protection organizations, one from China and one from the US, we identify similarities among social organizations operating in very different political and social contexts. Highly specialized organizations, with access to alternative resources can maintain an unexpected level of autonomy, even when the larger institutional context limits and controls associational life.

"The 21st century is facing an unprecedented trend of population aging, including in many regions in the Asia Pacific region. Governments and healthcare systems recognise the importance of Advance Care Planning (ACP) in helping people to live well and to leave well. ACP is a complex intervention that is culture and context specific. In our universal endeavour to engender person centred care in healthcare systems and a more compassionate society, we are more similar than different. In this day and age of fast developing medical technologies and evolving social norms, ACP brims with both challenges and potential and a renewed understanding is needed. This book is a paean to the multifaceted nature of ACP as well as a timely update regarding the current landscape of ACP implementation and practice across the Asia Pacific region"--

Mutual learning between teachers and their colleagues plays a vital role in their professional growth. However, previous studies show that collaborative teacher learning tends to be confined to small groups, and that it is difficult to make it explicit, showcase, or transfer teachers' tacit knowledge. This study explores this problem by creating a digital system that allows teachers to create, display, and trade their knowledge products; 508 teachers from one K–12 school created and traded their knowledge products, while 1,148 teachers from other schools participated in the knowledge product transaction on the digital system. Using social network analysis, we discovered that teachers use this method to generate a lot of interaction and that teachers who taught similar subject areas communicated more with one another. There is a significant correlation among each teacher's number of created knowledge products, knowledge products sold, and the number of knowledge products purchased from others. The study has potential to contribute to research on teacher learning, thinking, and actions.

The original PDF version of this Article contained an error in the Additional information section, which incorrectly included the statement 'This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2019'. This has been removed from the PDF version of the Article. The HTML version was correct from the time of publication.

Despite significant development recently, improving the power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) is still an ongoing challenge to overcome. One of the prerequisites to achieving this goal is to enable efficient charge separation and small voltage losses at the same time. In this work, a facile synthetic strategy is reported, where optoelectronic properties are delicately tuned by the introduction of electron-deficient-core-based fused structure into non-fullerene acceptors. Both devices exhibited a low voltage loss of 0.57 V and high short-circuit current density of 22.0 mA cm(-2), resulting in high power conversion efficiencies of over 13.4%. These unconventional electron-deficient-core-based non-fullerene acceptors with near-infrared absorption lead to low non-radiative recombination losses in the resulting organic photovoltaics, contributing to a certified high power conversion efficiency of 12.6%. ; Funding Agencies|Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [FA2386-15-1-4108, FA9550e15-1e0610, FA9550-15-1-0333]; UC-Solar Program [MRPI 328368]; National Key Research & Development Projects of China [2017YFA0206600]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [21875286]; Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province [2017JJ1029]; Swedish Energy Agency Energimyndigheten [2016-010174]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University [2009-00971]