Striving Toward a Circular Economy: A Case Study of a Zero Single-Use Plastic Policy in Pearl of the Orient (Penang)
This study aims to explore how the state of Penang could enhance a circular approach to single-use plastic by implementing a new federal policy (Malaysia's Roadmap Towards Zero Single-Use Plastic 2018-2030). The study involves twelve semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including representatives from both the state and the federal governments, city council, producers, manufacturers, NGOs and the recycling facilities. The study clarifies what a zero single-use plastic policy means, presents alternatives to conventional single-use plastic as well as introduces several means of enhancing a circular approach towards single-use plastic such as improved waste management system, stakeholders' engagement, Extended Producer Responsibility, effective policy enforcement, a need for clearer communications along with identifying measurable Key Performance Objectives.