Suchergebnisse

As food safety has attracted the widespread attention of society, the quality safety of agricultural products has become an important part of food safety and also confronts multiple challenges. In fact, the safe use of veterinary drugs in the production process has become one of important guarantees for the quality safety of agricultural products. It&rsquo ; s of great significance to regulate the breeding farmers&rsquo ; safe use of veterinary drugs and to create a safe and healthy production environment for agricultural products. A field survey of individual and large-scale swine breeding farmers in four typical provinces including Henan, Shandong, Jiangxi and Guizhou generated 397 questionnaires. This field survey conducted the internal and external classification of breeding farmers&rsquo ; safe use of veterinary drugs and defined the breeding farmers&rsquo ; safe use of veterinary drugs in the light of dosage, type and standardized operation of veterinary drugs. Based on Lewin&rsquo ; s behavior theory, the survey used the structural equation modeling method to systematically examine the generation path of breeding farmers&rsquo ; safe use of veterinary drugs. The comprehensive analysis reveals that breeding farmers&rsquo ; knowledge about veterinary drugs, the attitudes toward the government supervision and the market environment of breeding activities all exert some effects on breeding farmers&rsquo ; use of veterinary drugs. Some suggestions and countermeasures for breeding farmers&rsquo ; safe use of veterinary drugs are provided as follows: First, more efforts should be pumped into publicity and instruction so that breeding farmers can have a better understanding of veterinary drugs. Second, preferential policies should be formulated to encourage the breeding farmers&rsquo ; participation in the industrial organizations of swine breeding farmers, and advocate the industrial organizations&rsquo ; active provision of different technical trainings. Third, the communication and cooperation platform should be created among breeding farmers, slaughter and processing plants and supermarkets, the poultry insurance market should be regulated, and the insurance purchase process should be improved. Fourth, when more subsidies for harm-free and environment-friendly veterinary drugs are provided, more serious punishments should be imposed on the unsafe use of veterinary drugs to offer policy support for the breeding farmers&rsquo ; standardized use of veterinary drugs.

Punishment policies on the inappropriate treatment of dead hogs play a key role in safeguarding public health and environmental protection. These policies aim to regulate the behavior of farmers and promote the development of sustainable agriculture. Farmers' evaluation of a policy can be used to measure its effectiveness, and loss aversion is a factor that has been little studied. This study surveyed 404 hog farmers in China, and analyzed the factors that influenced their evaluation of the penalties for the inappropriate treatment of dead hogs during 2016 and 2017. We used three indicators for the evaluation of the penalties: the degree of necessity, implementation, and effectiveness. Special attention was paid to farmers' aversion to financial penalties and police detention time, which was elicited using economic experiments. The results show that farmers are more likely to be averse to police detention time than financial penalties, and suggest that the level of each indicator needs to be increased. The results from an ordered Probit model show that there are both similarities and differences between the formation paths of the three indicators. An aversion to financial penalties will help to improve the degree of implementation. An aversion to police detention time will lead to a negative trend in the degree of effectiveness. An in-depth analysis of the factors that influence farmers' evaluation of policies to punish inappropriate treatment of dead hogs may provide a basis for the design of government policies to improve environmental protection performance.

This study discusses the cooperation model between the small and major scenic spots in peak seasons of tourism. First, we create a tourism supply chain that contains only one major and one small scenic spots to divert some tourists to a nearby scenic spot, reduce large scenic spot pressure, increase the benefits of small scenic spots, and promote the healthy development of the tourism supply chain. Second, we build two cooperation models between the major and the small scenic spots: the revenue-sharing model and the cost-sharing model. Based on a numerical analysis, we give a more clear comparison about the revenue changes and the overall efficiency changes of the tourism supply chain in these two models. Our results confirm that the cost-sharing model is an ideal cooperation model. In the cost-sharing model, the two parties' revenues in the tourism supply chain are better than those in the revenue-sharing model, and the entire supply chain efficiency could be improved.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between market competition and distribution strategy for logistics service providers (LSPs), including freight price, service level (delivery speed), and service coverage.


Design/methodology/approach
The authors consider two risk-neutral LSPs in which one is an existing company and the other is a new entrant. The existing LSP has a sound distribution network and provides service in both local and remote areas. The new entrant LSP should determine the freight price and service coverage to compete for business. The authors use a Stackelberg game to model the competition between two LSPs with assumptions of consumers' utility and demand distribution. Numerical examples are used to validate the findings.


Findings
The findings show that the distribution strategy for LSPs depends on the ratio of the cost difference and shipping speed difference and demand structure. The LSP with higher shipping speeds only need to meet demands in local areas and may stay out of the market in some cases. To compete for business in the whole areas is more profitable for the LSP with lower shipping speeds when either unit service cost or the potential demand in remote areas is low enough. Otherwise, the LSP with lower speeds should stay out the market of remote areas.


Originality/value
This study is a preliminary research on the relationship between market competition and distribution strategy for LSPs and contributes to service operations management literature and strategic management for LSPs.

PurposeThe paper aims to find the functional relationship among 14 shampoo brands' price, quality, marketing expense and sales in the Chinese shampoo industry. Also studied is which one, among these factors, is the more important.Design/methodology/approachBy using data envelopment analysis models, the authors propose to maximize the sale allocating efficiency scores to satisfy the hypothesis that the shampoo market is efficient, and then, the sales functions, linear and exponential, can be determined and specified.FindingsIt is found that an exponential sales function is more suitable to characterize the Chinese shampoo industry, and the price factor is a major influence on creating sales.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a method, from an original perspective, to analyze the sales function among the influence factors and to determine which one is more important. The method can be applied to other markets if the assumed conditions could be satisfied.