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We investigated whether sadness empathy influences prosocial lying. The 139 participants were randomly assigned based on gender to 2 groups according to the event that they read about—sadness empathy priming or neutral—and they then completed a deception game and 2 empathy
scales. The results showed that participants' prosocial lying frequency was higher in the sadness empathy-priming condition than the neutral event condition. The perspective-taking component of trait empathy moderated the event's main effect; however, there were no significant gender differences
in prosocial lying frequency, and both men and women who experienced another's sadness told prosocial lies to show benevolence. The facilitating effect emerged only in those who had a greater ability to take another person's perspective. The findings indicate that people with sadness empathy,
especially those with a strong perspective-taking ability, express their kindness by means of prosocial lying when they communicate with a sad person.

We investigated the impact of work–family conflict on job insecurity according to conservation of resources theory, and examined the mediating role of core self-evaluation in this relationship. In addition, we investigated if men and women show differences in their levels of work–family
conflict. Participants were 378 employees of a stateowned enterprise in China, and we analyzed the data using correlation analysis and the bootstrapping method. Results show that work–family conflict was positively correlated with job insecurity and negatively correlated with core self-evaluation,
with men experiencing greater work–family conflict than women did. Further, core self-evaluation was negatively correlated with job insecurity, and also mediated the relationship between work–family conflict and job insecurity. We have used conservation of resources theory to broaden
understanding of job insecurity. Suggestions are provided for ways managers can alleviate employees' job insecurity.

Three experiments are conducted with German and Chinese student subjects to investigate short-term memory performance with regard to different kinds of stimulus material. Experiment 1 demonstrates that the Chinese subjects' superior memory span performance cannot be traced back to existing differences in intelligence (assessed with Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Test). In Experiment 2 a high correlation is found between the oral reproduction time of test items in the two languages and the resulting memory span of subjects. The results of Experiment 3 show that the Chinese subjects' superiority in performance decreases and disappears completely where it is difficult to find verbal descriptions for the items to be memorized. These findings are discussed within the framework of Baddeley's (1990) working memory model and cross-cultural intelligence research.