Suchergebnisse

"Background and Objectives: Sulfur mustard is a functional alkylating chemical warfare agent that gives rise to appalling lung injury. In people with pulmonary diseases, including asthma, the complication of respirational dynamics is reduced. However, the complexity of breathing patterns in lung injury caused by chemical agents is not clear. In the current study, the outcome of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), and mustard analogue, upon breathing pattern of rats without or with treatment were reviewed. Methods: The interbeat interval (IBI) and respiratory volume (RV) data have been acquired from spontaneous respiration rats with lung injury by CEES using a whole-body plethysmograph. We calculated mean and coefficient of variation, alpha exponent derived from detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and sample entropy of IBI and RV. Finding: Entropy examination of respiratory variation displayed reduced inconsistency (less complication) in the breathing pattern of this rat model of lung injury. The mustard analogue also led to increased lung inflammation in damaged rats. However, treatment by NAC and dexamethasone had a compelling impact on the complication of the breathing rhythm and lung inflammation of rats with lung injury. Conclusion: Our findings show that inflammation could be the possible origin of respiratory dynamics shifting apart from the normal variation in CEES-induced lung injury"

Background and aim: Influenza, commonly referred to as "the flu," is an infectious illness caused by influenza viruses
(IV). Despite the availability of efficient antiviral drugs, the IV still significantly increases mortality. Antiviral drugs swiftly remove
these viruses from pulmonary secretions, suggesting that a prolonged inflammatory response may be to blame for the poor result.
Therefore, using immunomodulatory medications looks advantageous. Numerous anti-inflammatory effects are produced by
statins. Numerous retrospective studies recommended that statins be considered for IV therapy. This study set out to
comprehensively examine the immunomodulatory potential of statins in IV prophylaxis and therapy. Methods: From the
beginning until 25 March 2022, a number of electronic databases (Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, OVID,
EBSCO, and CINAHL) were searched for cohort studies and randomized trials assessing the association between outcomes or risk
of infections and statin therapy. Data were gathered on the investigated characteristics, measuring statin usage, quality
evaluation, and results (set for potential confounders). Results: Finding additional therapeutic agents for influenza prevention
and management is crucial since there are uncertain public health issues regarding the clinical efficacy of conventional
medications. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are released as a result of influenza. According to the results, by using anti
inflammatory medications, severe influenza infections can be prevented along with pleiotropic effects. As a result, statins, which
are cardioprotective medications with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, may be beneficial for individuals
with IV. Conclusion: Based on the positive immunomodulatory effects of statin administration, our systematic review's findings
suggested that IVs may be prevented and treated.

"A rare zoonotic disease, monkeypox is brought on by the Monkeypox virus, which is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and Poxviridae family. Smallpox-like symptoms are brought on by the monkeypox disease, which is closely linked to the variola virus (smallpox virus). In the past, it has been demonstrated that smallpox vaccination with the vaccinia virus (another orthopoxvirus) is 85% protective against monkeypox. The two most likely forms of monkeypox transmission are animal-human transmission and human-human transmission. Transmission between people has been connected to respiratory droplets, coming into contact with bodily fluids, contaminated patient things or surroundings, and skin lesions on infected people. Numerous strategies or tactics have been developed by monkeypox to subvert or exacerbate the host's immune reaction to infection. A crucial element of innate immunity, natural killer [NK] cells employ cytokines to kill virus-infected cells and interfere with the operation of other cell types like T cells and dendritic cells. Studies have shown that the smallpox vaccine provides cross-protection against other Orthopoxvirus species, including monkeypox. This study was out to provide a thorough overview of the pathogenesis, prevention, risks, immune response problems, and analysis of possible concerns associated with the monkeypox virus."

Background: Rheumatic disorders are one of the most prevalent human diseases which commonly become chronic and cause different types of disabilities. Chemical veterans may suffer from chronic difficulties caused by rheumatic disorders that can lead to decrease of their quality of life. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of rheumatic disorders among Iranian chemical warfare patient's long-years after sulfur mustard (SM) exposure. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 on 245 Iranian chemical veterans. In order to evaluate rheumatic disorders, a special questionnaire for COPCORD studies were filled by veterans and then general and special rheumatology examinations were applied under the supervision of internists and rheumatologists. Data from all questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software and the results were reported as percentage or mean ±SD. Results: Osteoarthritis (69.9%) was the most common complications diagnosed in these patients. After that back pain (30.5%) and pre-arthritis (27.2) were the other popular complications among veterans. The percentage of frozen shoulder and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome was 13.2% and 11.5%, respectively. Tennis elbow and fibromyalgia (3.7%), rheumatoid arthritis (0.8%) and gouty arthritis with 0.4% were the lowest complications among these patients. Conclusion: Rheumatic associated complications in Iranian chemical injured veterans are higher than the mean of whole community. This data provided the possibility of calculating the disease's burden and making efficient decisions in the sanitary and treatment systems.