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The article is devoted to the insufficiently researched question of the labor heroism of the workers of the rear of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR during the Great Patriotic War, which largely explains its topicality. The relevance of the topic is also explained by the important role of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR with its developed oil industry complex as part of the North Caucasus rear base of the Red Army. The purpose of the article is to determine the degree of impact of labor heroism on improving the efficiency of the economy of Chechen-Ingushetia in the study period. The article is written using the published works of researchers from the Chechen-Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic, materials of the republican newspaper "Grozny Worker" and archival materials, which allowed us to recreate with a sufficient degree of completeness the picture of the heroic work of the workers of the rear of the CHIASSR. The comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods were used in the work, which made it possible to identify the general and special features in the historical events described and to consider in chronological order the activity of the workers of the CHIASSR during the Great Patriotic War. The material involved shows that the active activity of the workers became an important factor that made it possible to fully utilize the entire industrial and agricultural potential of Chechen-Ingushetia in the conditions of a severe war to achieve victory over Nazi Germany. On the basis of the materials used, it can be concluded that the labor heroism of the workers allowed to compensate to some extent for the shortage of workers and the lack of financial and material resources of the state.

The article is devoted to the practically unexplored issue of the rationalization movement on the territory of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR during the Great Patriotic War, which explains its relevance. The aim is to determine the degree of impact of the activities of innovators on improving the efficiency of the oil production and refining industry of Chechen-Ingushetia during the study period. The article is written mainly on the materials of the Republican newspaper "Grozny worker" (organ of the Chechen-Ingush regional Committee of the CPSU(b), allowing with a sufficient degree of completeness to recreate the scale of activity of inventors and innovators and to describe the impact on the oil industry of national economy. Separate data are taken from published even in Soviet times of works M. A. Abisalova and S. O. Zoeva. In the work on the article, comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods were used, which made it possible to identify the general and special in the described historical events and to consider the activities of the CHIASSR rationalizers of the period of the Great Patriotic War in chronological order. Based on the materials used, it can be concluded that although not all of the proposed rationalization proposals were implemented, in general, they allowed the state to save significant financial and material resources. Was thereby made a significant contribution to the increase of efficiency of activity of the Republican oil industry complex. The Republican corps of inventors and innovators consisted mainly of engineering and technical workers and highly qualified workers, and the bonuses given to innovators for implemented proposals amounted to a significant increase in the income of about a thousand employees and their families.

Ethnoculture as an integral system that combines the traditional with the innovative can preserve its identity, provided that it is based on universal moral ideals. For the Chechens, ethical values are not just a set of systematic rules, but spiritual customs of social interaction, through which society has maintained stability. The moral code of the Chechen people is based on honor, conscience, and nobility and reflects all aspects of moral existence. Despite a number of studies of the traditions, ethnoculture and customs of the Vainakh people, many problems of the spiritual and moral component of culture are not fully understood. Disregard for moral norms and the priority of material values is a modern reality, and for the effectiveness of the spiritual and moral development of the young generation, it is necessary to combine the moral experience of ethnic culture with universal religious and ethical ideals. The fate of an ethnic group depends on its moral stability in the face of challenges of social transformations, which, in turn, determines the relevance of this work. Since conscience is a spiritual mechanism that demonstrates the extent to which a person remains committed to their moral principles, it plays a crucial role in the process of forming the moral principles of a person.

Akhmad Suleimanov (1922–1995) was a Chechen researcher, teacher, musician, artist and folk poet, who represented the spirit of his culture in his work. The depth of the romanticism and tragedy of the personality is reflected in his lyrical epic text "Bettan t1ulg" ("Moonstone"). This study is an attempt to understand the archetypal symbols of Akhmad Suleimanov's text "Bettan t1ulg" ("Moonstone"). In his lyric texts colors, sounds, the material world and the metaphysics of the souls of the heroes, awakened by the will of the poetic imagination in aesthetic catharsis, come to life. His poetry reflects both the cultural heritage of the Chechens and, in fact, the worldview that was characteristic for the author's time. Attention is drawn to the originality of artistic searches, the specificity of the master's texts, aimed at the poetic inclusion of numerous folklore plots that exist in the ethnoculture to his work.

The study is relevant because in the conditions of the civil identity formation of Russian people, it is productive to take into account the genesis of the ethno-national experience of competing narratives, in which the culture of relations between the peoples of our country has developed. Referring to the analysis of social community it seems appropriate to use two terms: ethnos and nationality. In the discourse about ethnos, it is advisable to focus on the cultural-philosophical analysis of its formation and development. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the thesis that the subject's thinking corresponds to communications characteristic of a particular historical era and culture. The study reveals the systemic nature of thinking and communication. The authors substantiate the idea that the ethnocultural originality of the communicative continuum is conditioned by the specific historical context within which the formation and development of the ethnos takes place. In this interpretation, the proposition about the purely national nature of the psycho-mental nature of a social community loses its value, and the thesis according to which specific historical experience gained in a certain communicative continuum plays the main role in the formation of ethnic originality.

The study is aimed at analyzing the issues of the punishability of multiple crimes in the criminal legislation of some foreign countries. The main forms of multiple crimes are considered, as well as the procedure for impos-ing punishment for criminal acts committed within the criminal laws of France, the Federal Republic of Germa-ny, and the Netherlands. The author draws attention to the fact that these states single out aggregation and re-cidivism as forms of multiplicity of crimes, defining for them a special procedure for sentencing. At the same time, it is indicated that despite the identification of two forms of plurality in the legislation of the studied coun-tries, which have a similar understanding, the issues of punishability are solved in different ways, which may be of some interest to the domestic legislator. Recommendations are given on possible ways to improve the crim-inal legislation of the Russian Federation in terms of the punishability of a plurality of crimes.

The goal of the present research is to substantiate the position on the communicative nature of thinking. To achieve the set goal, the concepts of "thinking" and "communication" were analyzed. There is also provided a terminological note with regard to the usage of the concept of "autopoiesis" in the works of H. Maturana, F. Varela, N. Luhmann и E. Thompson. In the framework of the research, the author elaborates an idea that the genesis of any thinking is determined by its communicative nature. Communications play a sensemaking and formative role in the process of thinking. The author interprets thinking as an autopoiesic process, where communications provoke it to expression in various forms. The proposed author's interpretation of the communicative space and time on the basis of N. Luman's theory of communication allows to structure social reality and identify the factors of determination of mental and cognitive characteristics in the ethnocultural context. The main research methods are the method of dialectical analysis as well as a comparative approach.

The article highlights the philosophical meanings of the home as a phenomenon of linguistic culture, revealing the ancient layers of the hidden in folk culture, allowing to discover the true nature of familiar things. It is emphasized that the analysis of the meanings of home allows us to better understand the worldview of our ancestors, their ideas about the world and man's place in it. The ontological foundations of the home, presented in all cultures as the center of the universe, a microcosm, opposed to the chaos of the outside world, are revealed. An analysis of the phenomenality of the meanings of the words "home", "fire", "smoke", "name", "surname (family)", "blood" in the Chechen linguistic culture is given. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that the peculiarities of the interpretation of home in the cultures of sedentary and nomadic peoples, the general and special are emphasized, which determines their mental originality; it is substantiated that fire is an important factor in the formation of social communications and the phenomenality of a home. In the Chechen linguistic culture, the symbolism of home is revealed in the origins of human sociality, when fire organizes a special space of unity for everyone who gathers around it. It is stressed out that in modern society there is a change in the semantics of home as a problem of everyday life.

As the title implies the article describes social consciousness as an abstract notion and as a phenomenon. The importance of understanding the universal laws and principles underlying social consciousness, as well as the interdependence of its abstract and concrete manifestations, is stated. The methodology and organization of the study involves an integrated approach (dialectical, analytical, phenomenological). G. Hegel's philosophy serves as a methodological basis. It is stressed that the novelty of the study consists in the consideration of so-cial consciousness as a theoretical construct, an abstract idea (concept) and empirical reality (phenomenon). The essence of social consciousness is revealed in the context of its formal and content aspects. Individual subjectivity of consciousness in the context of broader social and cultural systems that form the nature of self-consciousness and its connection with morality is revealed. The concept of social consciousness is presented as a complex phenomenon encompassing the system of attitudes, beliefs, values and norms that exist in so-ciety and influence the behavior of its members.

The article examines topical issues of transformation of consciousness of the subject of traditional culture (Chechen society). It analyzes the historical and cultural processes that determine the vector of social con-sciousness formation of the Chechen society. It is observed that ethnicity and religion have been synthesized in the development of the consciousness of a cultural subject, in this case Chechen society. A sociological survey was conducted in order to identify the ratio of ethnic and religious in the consciousness of the subject of tradi-tional culture and to establish the factors that caused the transformation of his consciousness. The relevance of the research stems from the severity of the crisis of the ethnic and religious aspects of the consciousness of the subject of traditional culture, as well as explained by the importance of the search for further safe path of de-velopment. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that it is necessary to ensure an optimal correlation between ethnic and religious values in the human consciousness.

This article discusses the issues of defense of the Caucasus in general, and in particular, the city of Grozny during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The oil-producing and machine-building Grozny was of strategic importance, both for the ruling circles of Nazi Germany, in their aggressive plans, and for the Soviet command, which considered this North Caucasian city one of the main bases for providing the front with fuel. The article pays special attention to the historiography of the topic under study. The whole body of sources and literature on the topic of the defense of the Caucasus during the Great Patriotic War that was studied allows us to elaborate a conditional sorting by different chronological periods. The article presents the data and eyewitnesses of the described events, as well as the memoir literature of military leaders during the war. The authors studied some rich material about the investigated events in the Soviet historical literature. The authors of the article used some data from the memoir sources of the German Wehrmacht, which allow us to look at the history of events from the enemy side. Some dissertation works devoted to the topic of defense of the Caucasus during the Great Patriotic War are considered. The publications of contemporary authors about the events of 1942-1943 in the North Caucasus are also relevant in the study of the stated topic.