Suchergebnisse

Depuis le changement de régime politique en Irak en 2003, la ziyāra d'Arba'īn, visite pieuse annuelle au tombeau de Ḥusayn ibn 'Alī, à Karbala, en Irak, s'est massifiée pour atteindre quelque 20 millions de participants. Sa régulation incombe à présent à des acteurs institutionnels chiites qui se sont efforcés de faciliter l'accès des croyants aux lieux saints et d'assurer leur bien-être matériel et leur sécurité dans un contexte géopolitique particulièrement complexe. Les dispositifs mis en place illustrent à quel point la gestion des aspects profanes des grands pèlerinages musulmans est tributaire des concurrences de souveraineté sur les lieux saints.

Le 'modèle' jordanien de gestion du pluralisme confessionnel est en contraste avec celui d'autres pays de la région qui ont adopté une idéologie laïciste. Le 'modèle' jordanien est celui d'un confessionnalisme assumé dans le cadre d'un ordre islamique modernisé des relations interconfessionnelles qui s'inspire également de la tradition européenne sur le droit des minorités. Les communautés religieuses sont institutionnalisées comme parties intégrantes du fonctionnement social, toutefois le communautarisme est efficacement endigué en canalisant l'expression politique dans d'autres espaces et en garantissant l'accès de la 'minorité' chrétienne à la citoyenneté et aux ressources sociales, culturelles et économiques.

Le 'modèle' jordanien de gestion du pluralisme confessionnel est en contraste avec celui d'autres pays de la région qui ont adopté une idéologie laïciste. Le 'modèle' jordanien est celui d'un confessionnalisme assumé dans le cadre d'un ordre islamique modernisé des relations interconfessionnelles qui s'inspire également de la tradition européenne sur le droit des minorités. Les communautés religieuses sont institutionnalisées comme parties intégrantes du fonctionnement social, toutefois le communautarisme est efficacement endigué en canalisant l'expression politique dans d'autres espaces et en garantissant l'accès de la 'minorité' chrétienne à la citoyenneté et aux ressources sociales, culturelles et économiques.

This conference paper focuses on displacement from Iraq across international borders and argues for a longer term perspective on current Iraqi out migration. It offers an anthropplogical viewpoint on the notions of protection and security by interrogating the nature of power, politics and state-citizen's relations in the Middle-Eastern polities within which the experiences of Iraqi exiles are anchored. It is argued that these shape not only migrants' own perception of protection and security as being located inside close-knit family units but also, in part, what is conceptualised as 'the fragmented social organisation of transnational Iraqi migration' that predates by far the crisis that followed the fall of the Baathist regime.

This conference paper develops three points by: Questioning the timing of and rationale for the emergence of the post-2003 'Iraq refugee crisis' paradigm; Analysing the application of the humanitarian paradigm as a framework of interpretation and intervention to respond to the situation in Jordan when placed 1/ against the back drop of the continuum of migration from Iraq and 2/ against the political economy of assistance in the Jordanian context.

This conference paper focuses on displacement from Iraq across international borders and argues for a longer term perspective on current Iraqi out migration. It offers an anthropplogical viewpoint on the notions of protection and security by interrogating the nature of power, politics and state-citizen's relations in the Middle-Eastern polities within which the experiences of Iraqi exiles are anchored. It is argued that these shape not only migrants' own perception of protection and security as being located inside close-knit family units but also, in part, what is conceptualised as 'the fragmented social organisation of transnational Iraqi migration' that predates by far the crisis that followed the fall of the Baathist regime.

This conference paper develops three points by: Questioning the timing of and rationale for the emergence of the post-2003 'Iraq refugee crisis' paradigm; Analysing the application of the humanitarian paradigm as a framework of interpretation and intervention to respond to the situation in Jordan when placed 1/ against the back drop of the continuum of migration from Iraq and 2/ against the political economy of assistance in the Jordanian context.

This conference paper focuses on displacement from Iraq across international borders and argues for a longer term perspective on current Iraqi out migration. It offers an anthropplogical viewpoint on the notions of protection and security by interrogating the nature of power, politics and state-citizen's relations in the Middle-Eastern polities within which the experiences of Iraqi exiles are anchored. It is argued that these shape not only migrants' own perception of protection and security as being located inside close-knit family units but also, in part, what is conceptualised as 'the fragmented social organisation of transnational Iraqi migration' that predates by far the crisis that followed the fall of the Baathist regime.

This article tackles a series of related questions that are not being asked in plans for the socioeconomic development of mobile pastoralists in arid areas of North Africa and the Middle East, or to which answers are taken for granted, or that are dealt with only from a very localized socioeconomic perspective. The view supported here is that the livelihoods of nomadic, mobile and settled populations in arid areas are affected by larger economic, political and geopolitical factors, and that a diachronic approach needs to be taken to account for the dynamic process of social change that these populations undergo. Based on an appraisal and comparison of the preexisting involvement of Tuareg in the Algerian Great South and of Bedouin in southern Jordan with international tourism, the following questions are asked: How did the current socioeconomic organization of tourism in these areas come about? What has been, and what is currently the impact of development interventions on local private initiatives in the field of international tourism? What does the history of Tuareg and Bedouin's involvement with international tourism tell us about the local and wider conditions under which tourism-related activities benefits these communities?

This article tackles a series of related questions that are not being asked in plans for the socioeconomic development of mobile pastoralists in arid areas of North Africa and the Middle East, or to which answers are taken for granted, or that are dealt with only from a very localized socioeconomic perspective. The view supported here is that the livelihoods of nomadic, mobile and settled populations in arid areas are affected by larger economic, political and geopolitical factors, and that a diachronic approach needs to be taken to account for the dynamic process of social change that these populations undergo. Based on an appraisal and comparison of the preexisting involvement of Tuareg in the Algerian Great South and of Bedouin in southern Jordan with international tourism, the following questions are asked: How did the current socioeconomic organization of tourism in these areas come about? What has been, and what is currently the impact of development interventions on local private initiatives in the field of international tourism? What does the history of Tuareg and Bedouin's involvement with international tourism tell us about the local and wider conditions under which tourism-related activities benefits these communities?

Combining the findings of published sources and of original research, this article puts in relations a series of factors at the macro and meso levels to produce an evolving but coherent picture of the directions and stages of Iraqi exile migration, of the settlement patterns of migrants, and of their sociological profile at various stages of the migration process, starting from Iraq. The period covered extends from the 1990-1991 Gulf war to the fall of the Baathist regime in 2003. Attention is given to the political, economic and societal factors in Iraq that may be identified as the primary determinants of emigration. A second element of the system considered is that of the migration and asylum policies and practices in regional and distant countries of emigration. Finally, the meso level of social networks is taken into account.

Combining the findings of published sources and of original research, this article puts in relations a series of factors at the macro and meso levels to produce an evolving but coherent picture of the directions and stages of Iraqi exile migration, of the settlement patterns of migrants, and of their sociological profile at various stages of the migration process, starting from Iraq. The period covered extends from the 1990-1991 Gulf war to the fall of the Baathist regime in 2003. Attention is given to the political, economic and societal factors in Iraq that may be identified as the primary determinants of emigration. A second element of the system considered is that of the migration and asylum policies and practices in regional and distant countries of emigration. Finally, the meso level of social networks is taken into account.