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<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Individual socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with asthma incidence but whether neighborhood<br />SES has an influence is unknown. We assessed the contributions of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood housing density, neighborhood racial composition, and individual SES to the development of adult-onset asthma in Black<br />women, accounting for other known or suspected risk factors.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Design and Participants</strong>: Prospective cohort study conducted among 47,779 African American women followed with biennial health questionnaires from 1995 to 2011.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods and Main Outcome Measures</strong>: Incident asthma was defined as new selfreport of doctor-diagnosed asthma with<br />concurrent use of asthma medication. We assessed neighborhood SES, indicated by census variables representing income,<br />education, and wealth, and housing density and % African American population, as well as individual SES, indicated by highest education of participant/spouse. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and<br />95% CIs for the association of individual SES and neighborhood variables with asthma incidence.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: During a 16-year follow-up period, 1520 women reported incident asthma. Neighborhood factors were not associated<br />with asthma incidence after control for individual SES, body mass index, and other factors. Compared with college graduates,<br />the multivariable HR for asthma was 1.13 (95% CI 1.00-1.28) for women with some college education and 1.23 (95% CI 1.05-<br />1.44) for women with no more than a high school education.<br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Individual SES, but not neighborhood SES or other neighborhood factors, was associated with the incidence<br />of adult-onset asthma in this population of African American women. <em>Ethn Dis</em>. 2016;26(1):113-122; doi:10.18865/<br />ed.26.1.113</p><p> </p>