Suchergebnisse

This book provides a rigorously chronological journey through the economic history of modern Spain, always with an eye opened to what happens in the international economy and a focus on economic policy making and institutional change. It shows the central theme of the Spanish economy from the late 18th century to the early 21st century is the painful transformation from being a major imperial power to a small nation and later a member of the European Community and a player in a globalized economy. It looks in detail at two major issues - economic growth and convergence or divergence to the Western European pattern- and the permanent tension between the two when assessing historical experience since the industrial revolution. This book proposes new visions of the economic past of Spain and provides comparisons over time and space, which will be of interest to academics and students of economic history, European economic history and more specifically Spanish economic history.

En este artículo estudiamos el desarrollo económico alcanzado por la totalidad de los Estados latinoamericanos y caribeños soberanos en 1913 y 1925 desde una perspectiva inédita en el estudio del conjunto de la región: las importaciones y la producción –que sumadas equivalen al consumo aparente– de bienes de capital. Asegurada la fiabilidad de las estadísticas del comercio exterior, procedemos a reconstruir las magnitudes de los bienes de capital adquiridos por las 20 repúblicas. También estimamos la producción interna. La nueva evidencia empírica pone de manifiesto las enormes diferencias existentes en el seno de la región en el consumo per cápita de bienes de capital al término de la primera oleada globalizadora. La comparación entre los niveles de 1913 y 1925 revela que, en general, la contienda mundial no favoreció el proceso de sustitución de importaciones de la región, pero no en todos los países por igual.

1. Expectations, institutions and economic performance : Latin America and the Western European periphery during the twentieth century / Albert Carreras -- 2. On the accuracy of Latin American trade statistics : a non-parametric test for 1925 / Maria del Mar Rubio and Mauricio Folchi -- 3. Latin America and its main trade partners, 1860-1930 : did the First World War affect geographical patterns? / Marc Badia-Miro and Anna Carreras-Marin -- 4. The structure of Latin American investment in equipment goods during the mature period of the first globalization / Xavier Tafunell -- 5. Factorial distribution of income in Latin America, 1950-2000 : new series from the national account data / Vicente Neira Barria -- 6. The influence of the First World War on the economies of Central America, 1900-29 : an analysis from a foreign trade perspective / Frank Notten -- 7. Economic modernization in adverse institutional environments : the cases of Cuba and Chile / Cesar Yanez -- 8. Capital goods imports, machinery investment and economic development in the long run : the case of Chile / Andre A. Hofman and Cristian Ducoing -- 9. The sugar industry, the forests and the Cuban energy transition, from the eighteenth century to the mid-twentieth century / Jose Jofre Gonzalez -- 10. Empirical debate on terms of trade and the double factorial terms of trade in Colombia, 1975-2006 / Santiago Colmenares -- 11. Public revenues in Bolivia, 1900-31 / Jose Alejandro Peres Cajias -- 12. The consumption of durable goods in Latin America, 1890-1913 : analysis and estimation of a demand function / Carolina Roman Ramos.

According to our interpretation, modern trade fairs started in Europe during the First World War and in its immediate aftermath. With the closing of trade movements during the war, many cities had to resort to the old medieval tradition of providing especial permits to traders to guarantee them personal protection during their trade meetings. During the tough post war crisis many more cities typically industrial districts- discovered in the creation of trade fairs a powerful competitive tool to attract market transactions. We compare these developments with the remote origins of fairs, as, in both cases, trade fair development is a reaction to the closing of free markets under the pressure of political violence.

In the absence of comparable macroeconomic indicators for most of the Latin American economies before the 1930s, the apparent consumption of energy is used in this paper as a proxy of the degree of modernization of Latin America and the Caribbean. This paper presents an estimate of the apparent consumption per head of modern energies (coal, petroleum, and hydroelectricity) for 30 countries of the region, 1890 to 1925. As a result, it provides the basis for a quantitative comparative analysis of modernization performance beyond the few countries for which historical national accounts are available in Latin America.