The study of Africa's new developments and satellite cities has been mostly led under the fundamentally aesthetic typology of 'urban fantasies'. This provides important elements for a critique of how speculative idioms have been tainting contemporary forms of urban development across the continent, but it does not allow us to apprehend them as modes of city making with particular histories, practices and toolkits. This article leans on the Angolan example to contend with that typology. Drawing on an in-depth study of urban development in contemporary Luanda and its relationship with the Angolan oil complex, it does so in three moments. First, it presents a brief overview of what, in the recent years, has become one of the leading ways of critically assessing urban worlding projects in the African context. Second, it uses an introductory viewpoint into Luanda's 'new centralities' project to contribute towards an improved and more nuanced understanding of what underpins and constitutes the envisioned futures of African cities. And third, it reconsiders and fine-tunes some of the main premises on which the study of Africa's emerging forms of urban development has been carried out thus far.
A década de 1980 tem sido considerada, de certo modo, uma década perdida e de pouco desenvolvimento tanto para especialistas do campo da economia quanto para certos estudiosos das áreas de ciências exatas. Este artigo procura demonstrar que esse momento também foi muito fértil para o amadurecimento político do país e, sobretudo para o desenvolvimento cultural de muitas cidades brasileiras, e em especial para o Rio de Janeiro. Depois de passar por um período consecutivo de expressivas mutações na paisagem urbana. O corredor cultural não significou apenas um novo marco ou movimento na história urbano do Rio de Janeiro, mas também uma nova mentalidade, uma nova maneira de interpretar a própria cidade.
The institutionalization of just decision making in urban policy and planning is fundamental for the achievement of social justice in the city. In this paper we highlight the importance of generating adequate institutional conditions for the constitution of cosmopolis, Sandercock's postmodern utopia of justice. In doing that we resort to sociological institutionalist approaches to planning and policy analysis to evaluate a specific planning practice in the Portuguese planning system. Hence, after putting forward an appropriate analytical framework we tell the story of the decision-making process in the revision of Porto's Municipal Director Plan by delving through its intertwined history and evaluating it against the chosen criteria of social justice. The transcendent aim of this paper is to help to find opportunities for institutional improvements which can open the way for nonoppressive decision making and a more socially just urban future in Portugal and elsewhere.
AbstractThe first utilizations of social justice theory as a guide to planning theory and practice were founded on David Harvey's attempt to incorporate issues of redistributive justice into geographical methods of analysis. Later conceptualizations utilize Iris Marion Young's view of social justice as an institutional condition that enables participation and overcomes oppression and domination through the achievement of self‐development and self‐determination. These two conceptual paths create a constructive argumentative tension that should underlie contemporary spatial planning in democratic societies. This means that, in order to contribute to more socially just urban societies, planning needs to be focused not only on patterns of distribution, but also on the relational social structures and institutional contexts in which these come about. Comprehensive and functionalist, mainstream planning in Portugal is unmistakably situated within the modernist planning project. We argue that the normative disposition of the identified argumentative tension undermines the theoretical capacity of modernist practices to achieve socially just territories. The aim of this article is to study the validity of this argument by analyzing the Portuguese planning system against a twofold set of social justice criteria.RésuméLes premiers recours à la justice sociale comme guide en matière de théorie et pratique de l'aménagement urbain s'appuyaient sur la tentative de David Harvey d'intégrer des aspects de justice redistributive dans les méthodes d'analyse géographiques. Plus tard, d'autres conceptions se serviront de la perspective d'Iris Marion Young sur la justice sociale comme condition institutionnelle permettant la participation tout en surmontant oppression et domination grâce au développement personnel et à l'autodétermination. Ces deux voies conceptuelles créent une tension argumentaire constructive qui devrait sous‐tendre l'aménagement spatial contemporain dans les sociétés démocratiques. Autrement dit, pour contribuer à des sociétés urbaines plus justes socialement, l'aménagement doit s'attacher, non seulement aux schémas de distribution, mais aussi aux structures sociales relationnelles et cadres institutionnels dans lesquels ses schémas opèrent. L'aménagement urbain portugais, conventionnel, général et fonctionnaliste, se situe immanquablement dans un projet d'urbanisation moderniste. Selon nous, la nature normative de la tension argumentaire établie entrave la capacité théorique des pratiques modernistes à aboutir à des territoires justes au plan social. L'article étudie la validité de cet argument en analysant le système d'aménagement urbain portugais en fonction de deux gammes de critères de justice sociale.
AbstractIn this article we portray and unpack the fabric of urban expansion in contemporary Luanda. In doing so, we examine interdependencies and complementarities between the organization of oil extraction off the coast of Angola, the emergence of particular modalities of modernist city planning for the expansion of its capital city, and the proliferation of cement blocks in the making of new urban forms throughout its burgeoning peripheries. By showing how urban development has unfolded through the interconnected realization of multiple kinds of systematizing blocks—namely oil blocks, city blocks and cement blocks—we analyse key material components in the production of new markets and urban spaces in the Angolan capital. By tracing forms of capitalism and modularity in the making of contemporary Luanda, we develop the concept of blocos urbanism to draw attention to modes of standardization and the production of legibility in contemporary processes of urbanization. Through this study, we aim to contribute to the conceptual apparatus for deciphering our global urban condition.
A presente pesquisa consiste em identificar os impactos causados no Sistema de Informações Gerenciais com a mudança de método de Custeio Variável para Unidade de Esforço de Produção (UEP), mediante a realização de um Estudo de caso em uma indústria de alimentos. Os dados foram coletados mediante análise documental e entrevistas em profundidade com dois diretores. Fundamentado em referencial teórico relacionado à evolução da informação contábil para fins gerenciais (JOHNSON e KAPLAN, 1993; ALLORA, 1996; WERNKE, 2008), os indicadores de desempenho relativos aos dois períodos (antes e após mudança do método de custeio) foram analisados. Os resultados sugerem que o ordenamento de informações, fundamental à implantação do método UEP, provocou alterações nos mecanismos de controles da organização, entretanto, ainda falta uma visão holística e a integração com a gestão estratégica. Adicionalmente, reiteramos a máxima de que não existe método de custeio mais adequado ou mais preciso; existem, sim, métodos mais apropriados à gestão da organização se integrados ao processo de estratégia organizacional.
Palavras-chave: Métodos de custeio. Unidade de Esforço de Produção. Contabilidade gerencial. Estratégia.
