Suchergebnisse

The author was a key actor in the struggle for democratisation and the construction of PMDB (Partido do Movimento Democratico Brasileiro), in Brazil. Suggests that Latin American regimes of the 1960s/70s were not capable of shaping their country's economic evolution. This was done by technocrats following conservative doctrines. But in less developed countries like Brazil, industralisation was less politically threatening and they played a more dynamic role. Examines this in relationship to prospects for democracy in Brazil. (JLN)

The purpose of this work is to propose a military planning tool capable of providing logistical bases and patrol packages to most effectively support border surveillance. Presently, military patrols are employed along geographical borders to combat transnational crimes; acts such as drug trafficking, smuggling of goods and illegal natural resources exploitation. The patrols make temporary stops within specific time windows at specific places characterised by a high incidence of crime (hotspots). These hotspots have different criticalities within given time windows. To optimise the results, the proposed model allows additional stops in more critical hotspots. It achieves this using a mathematical optimisation model. Considering that there are not adequate logistical-military capacities (logistical bases and patrols) at all needed locations, developing a border surveillance plan that optimises resource use is imperative. The model was run using black hole-based optimisation and a real patrol mission's database to ensure timely solutions. The solutions were then evaluated in terms of quality (number of bases and patrols, coverage efforts, and travel time) and computational processing time. Next, they were compared with solutions using the traditional method, thereby demonstrating the model's robustness in providing timely surveillance schemes that ensure high coverage with minimum resources.

The vast amount of research devoted to public goods games has shown that contributions may be dramatically affected by varying framing conditions. This is particularly relevant in the context of donations to charities and non-governmental organizations. Here, we design a multiple public goods experiment by introducing five types of funds, each differing in the fraction of the contribution that is donated to a charity. We found that people contribute more to public goods when the associated social donations are presented as indirect rather than as direct donations. At the same time, the fraction of the donations devoted to charity is not affected by the framing. We have also found that, on average, women contribute to public goods and donate to charity significantly more than men. These findings are of potential interest to the design of social investment tools, in particular for charities to ask for better institutional designs from policy makers. ; This work was partially supported by MINECO (Spain) and FEDER funds through grant no. FIS2017-87519-P (Y.M.) and FJCI-2016-28276 (A.A.); by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/FEDER (Spain/UE) through grant no. PGC2018-098186-B-I00 (BASIC) (A.S. and J.C.); by Comunidad de Madrid under grant no. PRACTICO-CM and by Comunidad de Madrid/Universidad Carlos III de Madrid under grant no. CAVTIONS-CM-UC3M (A.S.); by Comunidad de Aragón (Spain) through grant no. E36-20R to FENOL (C.G.L. and Y.M.); by the EU through FET-Proactive Project MULTIPLEX (contract no. 317532, Y.M.) and FET-Proactive Project DOLFINS (contract no. 640772, C.G.L., Y.M. and A.S.), and by the Spanish State Research Agency and FEDER funds, through the María de Maeztu Program for Units of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2017-0711, S.M.) and under the PACSS grant no. (RTI2018-093732-B-C22, S.M.).