Suchergebnisse

Une hausse temporaire du risque de décès au moment de l'entrée dans l'âge adulte a été observée dans de nombreuses populations sans qu'une explication n'émerge clairement jusqu'ici. Plusieurs études récentes permettent cependant de mieux cerner les principales caractéristiques de ce phénomène, qui s'avère historiquement non universel, davantage masculin sans toutefois que les femmes y échappent, et dominé par les morts violentes.

AbstractThe conventional approach to gauging mortality convergence in Europe relies on life expectancy estimates () at the national level. However, mortality can differ within countries significantly. To better apprehend whether Europe's mortality patterns have been converging or diverging over recent decades, we must shift our focus to regional mortality data. Using data from statistical offices, we present annual estimates for 420 regions in 16 EU countries from 1995 to 2019. In our empirical analysis, we examined whether regions with initially high mortality levels caught up with low‐mortality regions, and we investigated changes in the standard deviation of Europe's regional distribution over time. Indeed, mortality variation has generally decreased from 1995 to 2019 due to larger gains in for regions with initially high mortality levels. The convergence phase took place mostly during the first half of the entire time period analyzed. Over more recent periods, however, we observe more heterogeneity in the development of . Some advantaged regions realized further gains in , even as improvements slowed for more disadvantaged regions. In conclusion, our analysis underscores the importance of addressing widening health inequalities. Policies should target disadvantaged regions to retard mortality divergence across Europe.

En 2018, l'espérance de vie à 35 ans des hommes cadres est de près de 50 ans, contre 44 ans pour les ouvriers, soit presque 6 ans d'écart. Ces écarts d'espérance de vie sont encore importants à 62 ans : 3 ans et 6 mois ans chez les hommes, 2 ans et 8 mois chez les femmes. En dépit d'un départ à la retraite plus précoce, les ouvriers passent 2 années de moins à la retraite que les cadres et 3,4 années de plus au chômage ou en inactivité. Par ailleurs, les années de chômage ou d'inactivité sont fréquentes dans les années précédant l'âge légal pour les ouvriers. Les femmes passent de 3 à 4 ans de plus à la retraite que les hommes de catégorie sociale similaire, mais aussi plus d'années qu'eux en inactivité.

Le nombre de décès aux très grands âges a considérablement augmenté dans les deux dernières décennies. Le décompte exact de ces décès que documente la base de données internationale sur la longévité n'est établi qu'après un processus strict de validation de l'âge. Ce sont essentiellement des femmes qui atteignent ces grands âges. Les supercentenaires (110 ans ou plus) sont surreprésentés aux Antilles.

International audience ; Non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented worldwide to curb the spread of COVID-19. However, the effectiveness of such governmental measures in reducing the mortality burden remains a key question of scientific interest and public debate. In this study, we leverage digital mobility data to assess the effects of reduced human mobility on excess mortality, focusing on regional data in England and Wales between February and August 2020. We estimate a robust association between mobility reductions and lower excess mortality, after adjusting for time trends and regional differences in a mixed-effects regression framework and considering a five-week lag between the two measures. We predict that, in the absence of mobility reductions, the number of excess deaths could have more than doubled in England and Wales during this period, especially in the London area. The study is one of the first attempts to quantify the effects of mobility reductions on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.

International audience ; Non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented worldwide to curb the spread of COVID-19. However, the effectiveness of such governmental measures in reducing the mortality burden remains a key question of scientific interest and public debate. In this study, we leverage digital mobility data to assess the effects of reduced human mobility on excess mortality, focusing on regional data in England and Wales between February and August 2020. We estimate a robust association between mobility reductions and lower excess mortality, after adjusting for time trends and regional differences in a mixed-effects regression framework and considering a five-week lag between the two measures. We predict that, in the absence of mobility reductions, the number of excess deaths could have more than doubled in England and Wales during this period, especially in the London area. The study is one of the first attempts to quantify the effects of mobility reductions on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.