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The theory of social capital rarely takes economic variables into account. This article confirms that economic factors had greater explanatory power for social trust and trust in institutions during times of economic crisis, due mainly to increased economic polarization of the population. We use Spain as a case study to analyse the impact of a number of variables on social and institutional trust before and during the economic crisis. The economic crisis in Spain resulted in a paradox: a notable decline in trust in institutions, together with a surprising increase - rather than the expected decrease - in social trust. The data analysed here also highlight the possibility that the two types of trust did not track in a mutually supportive manner due to the emergence of Movimiento 15M, which gave rise to the appearance of new political parties such as Podemos, on the extreme left of the electoral scale.

The theory of social capital suggests that trust in other individuals (social trust) and trust in institutions are closely related phenomena. People who trust more in other individuals also trust more in institutions, and vice versa. Some scholars argue that trust generates a climate of social cooperation and a sense of collaboration, which in turn promotes interest and participation in institutions. Despite the fact that both social trust and trust in institutions tend to decline when socioeconomic conditions worsen, the theory of social capital rarely takes economic variables into account. The economic crisis in Spain resulted in a paradox: a notable decline in trust in institutions, together with a surprising increase – rather than the expected decrease – in social trust. In this article we analyse the impact of a number of variables on social trust and trust in institutions before and during the economic crisis in Spain. The results confirm that economic factors had greater explanatory power for both types of trust during times of economic crisis, due mainly to increased inequality. However, the classic variables of the theory of social capital, such as how people view democracy or the extent of civic participation, continued to be significant. The data analysed here also highlight the possibility that the two types of trust did not track in a mutually supportive manner due to the emergence of the Movimiento 15M ("15M Movement"), which gave rise to the appearance of new political parties such as Podemos ("We Can"), on the extreme left of the electoral scale.

Background. In Spain the transfer of nurse education to universities was accompanied by a shift towards a model of person-centred care. Aim. To explore whether the change in nurses' professional profile (from physician assistant to providers of person-centred care) was a response to changing needs in Spanish society. Design. Qualitative study. Methods. Theoretical sampling and in-depth interviews using an inductive analytical approach. Results. Four categories described the nursing profession in Spain prior to the introduction of university training: the era of medical assistants; technologisation of hospitals; personal care of the patient based on Christian values; professional socialisation differentiated by gender. Further analysis showed that these categories could be subsumed under a broader core category: the transfer of nurse education to universities as part of Spain's transition to democracy. Conclusion. The transfer of nurse education to universities was one of several changes occurring in Spanish society during the country's transition to democratic government. The redefined public health system required a highly skilled workforce, with improved employment rights being given to female health professionals, notably nurses.

El presente trabajo recoge parte de una investigación sociológica sobre los problemas fundamentales del sector sanitario español utilizando un Delphi. Se realiza durante la década de los noventa a una conjunto de los mejores expertos españoles (varones y mujeres) sobre salud y sanidad. La investigación supone la definición de quince problemas específicos sobre la descentralización y reforma del sistema sanitario español. Todas las personas de la muestra contestan a las quince preguntas base, y las entrevistas son luego transcritas. A continuación aparece un análisis sobre las diversas actitudes, razonamientos, y opiniones sobre la política sanitaria en España de cara al siglo XXI. Se presenta una agenda de problemas para resolver desde la política sanitaria tanto pública como privada. Es un documento indispensable para analizar las políticas públicas respecto del sector sanitario español.