Suchergebnisse

Traditional cultural theories of crime have often overlooked the effects of environmental factors and their impact on human behavior. As such, the present research observes the effects of culture on dictating a society's vulnerability to particular types of crime. In analyzing truck theft in various regions of the United States in relation to the proportions of trucks registered in these areas, suggestions are made regarding the ability of culture to determine criminality. Data collected from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and National Highway Administration generally suggest that truck theft is more likely to occur in Western and Southern regions of the country, areas where trucks are recognized as ingrained artifacts of their respective cultures.

Cover -- Endorsement -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Part 1 The Criminal Justice and Criminology Workforce -- Chapter 1 An Overview of Careers in Criminal Justice and Criminology -- "Graduation Day Trauma" -- Criminal Justice, Criminology, and the Criminal Justice System -- What's Ahead? -- Summary -- Discussion Questions -- Critical Thinking Exercise -- For Further Examination -- Chapter 2 A History of Criminal Justice Focused On Employment and Academic Study -- Why History? -- The Evolution of Criminal Justice Practices and the Creation of Jobs -- 1607-1775: The Colonial Era -- 1776-1828: A New Nation -- 1829-1855: The Jacksonian Era -- 1856-1878: The Civil War Era -- 1879-1899: The Gilded Age -- 1900-1919: The Progressive Era -- 1920-1939: The Crisis Era -- 1940-1959: The War Years -- 1960-1979: The Nationalization Era -- 1980-2001: The Reagan Era -- September 11, 2001-Present: The Era of Security -- The Development of Academic Criminal Justice and Criminology Programs -- Summary -- Discussion Questions -- Critical Thinking Exercise -- For Further Examination -- Chapter 3 Opportunities and Trends in Criminal Justice and Criminology Employment -- What's Available? -- Law Enforcement -- Federal Law Enforcement -- State Law Enforcement -- County Law Enforcement -- Local Law Enforcement -- Courts -- Corrections -- Other Areas -- Employment Trends in and Influences On Employment in Criminal Justice and Criminology -- Terrorism -- Technology -- Fear of Crime -- Sociocultural Changes -- Globalism -- Private Security -- Summary -- Discussion Questions -- Critical Thinking Exercise -- For Further Examination -- Chapter 4 Working in Criminal Justice and Criminology -- Nature of the Work -- Bureaucracies -- Politics -- Crime and Individuals Who Break the Law -- Ethics -- Summary -- Discussion Questions.

"This book provides a thorough and directed focus on successfully identifying, obtaining and succeeding in a career in criminal justice or criminology. With empirically-based, research-focused information on how students can prepare for and ultimately join the criminal justice or criminology workforce, it covers the positions available in criminal justice and criminology, how to get a job in the fields, and what can be expected upon obtaining employment. The book contextualizes career opportunities within criminal justice and criminology, providing information about the nature of the work and how various positions fit within the criminal justice system as a whole. Part I provides an overview including a history of careers, job opportunities, and nature of working in the field. The second part addresses preparation for entering the field, including coverage of internships and overall professional development. The final part of the book addresses careers in the primary components of the criminal justice system, juvenile justice, and other areas. An epilogue addresses promotion issues, and a series of helpful appendices provide practical tools for working toward a career in criminal justice or criminology. This book is suitable for any reader considering employment in the criminal justice or criminology, and ideal for instructors who supervise and guide students as they gain practical experience and move toward careers"--

Research on the impact of school climate and culture on campus violence has yielded some promising responses for improving school safety. Evaluations of school policies and practices have shown that strict discipline and enforcement may have negative consequences and a disparate impact on students of color. Using a sample of 2092 respondents from the 2015–2016 School Survey on Crime and Safety from the Department of Education, the present research assessed the effectiveness of supportive programs and the impact of punitive responses to school violence within predominantly minority schools. Results from this study found that there were more statistically significant supportive policies that were associated with reductions in serious violence and disciplinary actions in predominately minority schools as compared to predominately white schools. Policy and research implications are discussed.

School culture and violence have garnered much public and scholarly attention in recent years. Research in the area has focused on the extent to which strict enforcement of school policies and the law results in safer schools. Other research focuses on providing more supportive, less enforcement-oriented environments for students. We advance this work by using a sample of 2092 respondents from public schools in the United States from the 2015–2016 school survey on crime and safety from the Department of Education. There were several statistically significant supportive practices that reduced violent incidents and disciplinary actions for violence, and the findings generally suggest that punitive policies were not effective in increasing campus safety while controlling for relevant security practices and school contextual variables.