Suchergebnisse

On December 20, 2019, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands published its judgment in The State of the Netherlands v. Urgenda. The judgment is largely a discussion of questions of Dutch law, but contains several conclusions that are relevant from an international law perspective. In particular, the Court held that on the basis of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the Netherlands has a positive obligation to take measures for the prevention of climate change and that it was required to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 25 percent by the end of 2020, compared with 1990 levels.

This article introduces four contributions to a special issue on 'judicial law-making in European private law', which seeks to reconstruct and understand (aspects of) the evolving transformative role of the judiciary in light of the interaction between the national and European level. The paradigmatic examples of climate change litigation and judicial dialogue in consumer mortgage cases show how courts are asked to address sensitive political questions in cases brought by private parties in civil proceedings. A 'utopian' (self-)understanding of the judicial task explains and justifies how and to what extent judges may address such societal problems through private law, and at the same time transform private law itself.

Es ist Zeit, fundamental neu nachzudenken über unsere Beziehung zur Natur. Die Bewegung für die Rechte der Natur tut dies und stellt unser Weltbild auf den Kopf. Die Initiative fordert, dass die Natur vom Objekt des Eigentums zum Subjekt des Rechts wird: die Natur als selbstständige Rechtspersönlichkeit mit Eigenwert. Immer mehr Natureinheiten - wie Wälder, Flüsse oder Berge - werden weltweit als juristische Personen anerkannt. Das Manifest "Das Meer klagt an!" zeichnet den Kampf für die Rechte der Natur nach: von Süd- und Nordamerika über Afrika und Asien bis zu uns in Europa und den Rechten der Nordsee

ObjectivesWhite collar workers spend an increasing amount of time in occupational sedentary behavior (OSB) and are thereby at risk for adverse health outcomes. Nevertheless, the association between OSB and the need for recovery (NFR), an important indicator of wellbeing, is unknown and therefore examined.MethodsBaseline data from a cluster randomized controlled trial was used. A subgroup of 89 white collar workers wore a triaxial accelerometer for 7 days. NFR was measured using the Questionnaire on the Experience and Evaluation of Work. Compositional data analysis was applied to determine the composition of different OSB bouts (short, medium and long) and occupational physical activity (OPA) (light, moderate and vigorous and standing). Linear regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between occupational compositions and NFR.ResultsRelatively more time spent in long OSB bouts was associated with a lower NFR (β: −11.30, 95% CI: −20.2 to −2.4). Short and medium OSB bouts and OPA were not associated with NFR.ConclusionAssociations between OSB bouts, OPA and NFR hinted at contrasting trends, suggesting the need to consider different bout lengths of OSB in future studies.