Suchergebnisse

The paper analyses the evolution of hiring in the care economy professions. To this end, a dataset is used that merges information from sample and administrative sources on labour market flows and occupations. Empirical analyses show that over the period 2012-2021 there was an increase in hiring in the care economy sector, albeit with a cyclical dynamic mainly linked to the Covid-19 emergency. However, these occupations are associated with a penalty in terms of work intensity compared to the average for other occupations. Finally, in care economy professions, there is a reduction in gender inequality when measured by the average number of days worked during the year

L'articolo presenta una valutazione empirica dell'incentivo per le assunzioni previsto dal Programma Garanzia Giovani (GG). Usando un dataset di tipo employer-employees, che integra informazioni di fonte campionaria e amministrativa, è possibile dimostrare che l'utilizzo da parte delle imprese italiane di tale incentivo riduce – nel breve periodo – l'occupazione netta giovanile e si accompagna ad un calo della produttività del lavoro. Le nostre analisi supportano quindi l'ipotesi che il Programma GG non sia stato efficace rispetto all'obiettivo di migliorare le prospettive occupazionali delle coorti di giovani e la produttività del lavoro.

AbstractUsing an original database on medium and large Italian firms built by merging theRilevazione Imprese e Lavororun by INAPP in 2010 and 2015 with the AIDA archive by Bureau Van Dijk, we show that the trend of the labour share differs along the labour share distribution. We carry out Unconditional Quantile Regression decompositions to explore the main drivers behind this heterogeneity. Thus, we contribute to the literature on the dynamics of the labour share since we investigate phenomena which cannot be observed through a macro perspective or by looking at a single parameter of the labour share distribution. After including in our specifications several firm-level characteristics and considering composition effects, we find that outsourcing is the main factor which plays a role in reducing the labour share along the distribution. Further different mechanisms act in the various parts of the distribution: unionization contributes to increase the labour share at the top of the labour share distribution, while the introduction of some forms of product (process) innovations is associated with a negative (positive) change in the labour share for those firms at the bottom of the labour share distribution.

This study aims to identify the main determinants of student performance in reading and maths across eight European Union countries (Austria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Slovakia, and Slovenia). Based on student-level data from the OECD's PISA 2018 survey and by means of the application of efficient algorithms, we highlight that the number of books at home and a variable combining the type and location of their school represent the most important predictors of student performance in all of the analysed countries, while other school characteristics are rarely relevant. Econometric results show that students attending vocational schools perform significantly worse than those in general schools, except in Portugal. Considering only general school students, the differences between big and small cities are not statistically significant, while among students in vocational schools, those in a small city tend to perform better than those in a big city. Through the Gelbach decomposition method, which allows measuring the relative importance of observable characteristics in explaining a gap, we show that the differences in test scores between big and small cities depend on school characteristics, while the differences between general and vocational schools are mainly explained by family social status.